Table 1. Baseline characteristics of women and men in the Thai Cohort Study (2005–2009), according to self-report of fracture since 2005.
| Women - Fracture | Men - Fracture | |||||
| Yes (n = 902) |
No (n = 31 437) |
P-valuea | Yes (n = 1168) |
No (n = 24 697) |
P-valuea | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| Age (yrs) | 30.9 (7.5) | 29.7 (7.1) | <0.0001 | 31.5 (7.3) | 32.5 (7.6) | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 158.0 (5.8) | 157.5 (5.5) | 0.01 | 168.7 (5.9) | 168.3 (5.9) | 0.02 |
| nb (%) | nb (%) | |||||
| Income (Thai baht) | ||||||
| ≤7000 | 366 (41.5) | 13 664 (44.5) | 0.3 | 389 (33.7) | 7759 (32.1) | <0.0001 |
| >7000–10 000 | 218 (24.7) | 7419 (24.2) | 323 (28.0) | 5660 (23.4) | ||
| >10 000–20 000 | 222 (25.2) | 7020 (22.9) | 319 (27.6) | 7560 (31.2) | ||
| >20 000 | 76 (8.6) | 2623 (8.5) | 123 (10.7) | 3229 (13.3) | ||
| Prior education | ||||||
| Junior high | 22 (2.5) | 603 (2.1) | 0.1 | 46 (4.0) | 1110 (4.5) | 0.03 |
| High school | 378 (42.1) | 12 173 (37.7) | 588 (50.4) | 11 885 (47.8) | ||
| Diploma/certificate | 253 (28.1) | 9632 (30.7) | 288 (24.7) | 5658 (23.0) | ||
| University | 246 (27.4) | 8953 (28.6) | 244 (20.9) | 5993 (24.3) | ||
| Place of residence | ||||||
| City | 487 (54.4) | 16 221 (51.9) | 0.2 | 596 (51.2) | 12 121 (49.4) | 0.7 |
| Countryside | 409 (45.7) | 15 011 (48.1) | 568 (48.8) | 12 413 (50.6) | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 543 (61.8) | 20 164 (65.6) | 0.07 | |||
| 1 | 166 (18.9) | 5216 (17.0) | ||||
| 2 | 135 (15.4) | 4449 (14.1) | ||||
| ≥3 | 35 (4.0) | 923 (3.0) | ||||
| Body mass index | ||||||
| <18.5 | 156 (17.3) | 6434 (20.5) | <0.0001 | 57 (4.9) | 1407 (5.7) | 0.04 |
| 18.5–<23.0 | 528 (58.4) | 18 423 (58.6) | 610 (52.2) | 11 758 (47.6) | ||
| 23.0–<25.0 | 85 (9.4) | 3127 (10.0) | 239 (20.5) | 5443 (22.0) | ||
| 25.0–<30.0 | 88 (9.8) | 2473 (7.9) | 220 (18.8) | 4972 (20.1) | ||
| ≥30.00 | 36 (4.0) | 641 (2.0) | 28 (2.4) | 754 (3.1) | ||
| Physical activity (episodes/week) | ||||||
| 0 | 72 (8.0) | 3028 (9.6) | 0.002 | 58 (5.0) | 1429 (5.8) | 0.002 |
| 1–5 | 228 (25.3) | 9329 (29.7) | 248 (21.2) | 5473 (22.2) | ||
| 6–10 | 323 (35.8) | 10 743 (34.2) | 327 (28.0) | 7567 (30.7) | ||
| 11–15 | 144 (16.0) | 4416 (14.1) | 285 (24.4) | 4786 (19.4) | ||
| >15 | 117 (13.0) | 3250 (10.3) | 232 (19.9) | 4968 (20.1) | ||
| Missing | 18 (2.0) | 669 (2.1) | 18 (1.5) | 469 (1.9) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Ever | 67 (7.7) | 1587 (5.2) | 0.001 | 642 (56.3) | 12 669 (52.4) | 0.01 |
| Never | 805 (92.3) | 28 947 (94.8) | 499 (43.7) | 11 525 (47.6) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Current | 468 (52.5) | 16 283 (52.5) | 0.9 | 945 (81.6) | 19 280 (78.8) | 0.02 |
| None | 423 (47.5) | 14 727 (47.5) | 213 (18.4) | 5182 (21.2) | ||
| Ever used DMPAc | ||||||
| Yes | 169 (18.7) | 4733 (15.1) | 0.002 | |||
| No | 733 (81.3) | 26 690 (84.9) | ||||
| Thyroid disease | ||||||
| Yes | 45 (5.0) | 1666 (5.3) | 0.7 | 20 (1.7) | 336 (1.4) | 0.3 |
| No | 857 (95.0) | 29 771 (94.7) | 1148 (98.3) | 24 360 (98.6) | ||
| Kidney disease | ||||||
| Yes | 32 (3.6) | 796 (2.5) | 0.06 | 38 (3.3) | 605 (2.5) | 0.08 |
| No | 870 (96.5) | 30 641 (97.5) | 1130 (96.8) | 24 091 (97.6) | ||
| Vascular disease | ||||||
| Yes | 10 (1.1) | 134 (0.4) | 0.002 | 13 (1.1) | 139 (0.6) | 0.02 |
| No | 892 (98.9) | 31 303 (99.6) | 1155 (98.9) | 24 557 (99.4) | ||
| Fracture before 2005 | ||||||
| Yes | 201 (22.3) | 4282 (13.6) | <0.0001 | 427 (36.6) | 7088 (28.7) | <0.0001 |
| No | 701 (77.7) | 27 155 (86.4) | 741 (63.4) | 17 609 (71.3) | ||
aP-values are from t-test for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. P < 0.05 is considered significant.
bNumbers may not sum to total because of missing data.
cDMPA = depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.