Table 4. Association of body mass index (BMI) and measures of physical activity with site-specific fracture incidence among women and men in the Thai Cohort Study.
| Women | Men | |||||
| Upper limb (n = 137)a |
Lower limb (n = 240)a |
All other sites (n = 535)a |
Upper limb (n = 192)a |
Lower limb (n = 311)a |
All other sites (n = 694)a |
|
| OR 95%CIb,c | OR 95%CIb | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 0.76 (0.46–1.24) | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.44 (0.19–1.00) | 0.75 (0.44–1.29) | 0.80 (0.55–1.16) |
| 18.5–<23.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 23.0–<25.0 | 0.59 (0.30–1.19) | 1.13 (0.73–1.74) | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) |
| 25.0–30.0 | 0.49 (0.21–1.13) | 1.40 (0.90–2.15) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) | 0.77 (0.51–1.18) | 0.97 (0.71–1.31) | 0.96 (0.77–1.18) |
| ≥30.00 | 1.50 (0.60–3.72) | 2.35 (1.26–4.37) | 1.50 (0.92–2.45) | 0.65 (0.24–1.77) | 0.71 (0.33–1.52) | 0.79 (0.48–1.30) |
| Per 5-kg/m2 increase | 1.01 (0.77–1.34) | 1.32 (1.10–1.57) | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) |
| Purposeful physical activity (episodes per week) | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–5 | 1.18 (0.56–2.47) | 0.79 (0.48–1.32) | 1.16 (0.81–1.67) | 0.74 (0.39–1.39) | 1.94 (0.97–3.90) | 1.04 (0.72–1.51) |
| 6–10 | 1.21 (0.59–2.52) | 1.08 (0.69–1.79) | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) | 0.66 (0.36–1.22) | 1.57 (0.79–3.13) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) |
| 11–15 | 1.92 (0.90–4.13) | 1.14 (0.67–1.96) | 1.29 (0.87–1.91) | 0.72 (0.38–1.37) | 2.67 (1.34–5.31) | 1.27 (0.88–1.84) |
| >15 | 1.97 (0.89–4.36) | 1.26 (0.72–2.21) | 1.57 (1.05–2.35) | 0.85 (0.46–1.59) | 1.69 (0.84–3.43) | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) |
| Ptrend = 0.1 | Ptrend = 0.2 | Ptrend = 0.03 | Ptrend = 0.9 | Ptrend = 0.6 | Ptrend = 0.4 | |
| Sitting time (hrs/day) | ||||||
| 0–3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4–7 | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) | 1.01 (0.79–1.30) | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 0.99 (0.75–1.31) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) |
| 8–9 | 0.95 (0.56–1.63) | 0.89 (0.60–1.32) | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | 1.33 (0.87–2.07) | 0.84 (0.58–1.21) | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) |
| ≥10 | 0.91 (0.56–1.48) | 0.83 (0.58–1.20) | 1.10 (0.86–1.40) | 0.92 (0.60–1.42) | 0.76 (0.55–1.07) | 0.85 (0.68–1.07) |
| Per 2-hour increase | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.94 (0.88–0.99) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
aDenotes number of incident fractures reported at this site.
bAdjusted for fracture before 2005 (yes/no), income (≤7000, >7000–10 000, >10 000–20 000, >20 000 Baht), smoking status (ever/ never), ever-use of alcohol (yes/no), vascular disease (ischemic heart disease or stroke – yes/no), kidney disease (yes/no), and episodes of purposeful physical activity per week (0, 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, >15), and BMI (<18.5, 18.5–<23, 23–<24.5, 25–<30, ≥30.0 kg/m2).
cAdditionally adjusted for ever-use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (women only).