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. 2013 Nov 5;23(6):443–450. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20130023

Table 1. Distribution of participants and mean (SD) BMI and BMI change by occupational class in Japan and Finland.

  Japan Finland


% Baseline BMI change % Baseline BMI change
BMI per 5 years BMI per 5 years




mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD
Men                    
Managers 8 23.5 2.71 −0.11 1.58 43 25.9 3.53 0.25 1.26
Professionals 47 23.4 2.85 0.29 1.51 19 26.7 4.28 0.21 1.31
Clerical employees 36 23.2 2.93 0.33 1.42 10 26.5 4.32 0.39 1.87
Manual workers 9 23.8 2.73 0.04 1.28 28 26.0 2.97 0.39 1.87
All 100 23.4 2.86 0.27 1.47 100 26.4 3.91 0.31 1.40
    (n = 2859) (n = 2264)   (n = 1737) (n = 1306)
Women                    
Professionalsa 70 21.6 2.97 0.13 1.34 46 24.7 4.14 0.54 1.51
Clerical workers 30 21.4 2.78 0.17 1.42 42 25.8 4.50 0.61 1.72
Manual employees     12 26.3 4.80 0.53 1.85
All 100 21.5 2.92 0.14 1.36 100 25.3 4.42 0.57 1.64
    (n = 1221) (n = 1221)   (n = 6948) (n = 5778)

aManagers and professionals combined.