Table 1.

Frequently applied transgenic and knockout animals used in the field of toxicology

Knockout genes	Type of animals	Effects on toxicology	References
Nrf2	C57BL/6 mice	- increased hepatotoxicity to acetaminophen	Reisman et al., 2009a, b; Tanaka et al., 2009; Reisman et al., 2009c; Maher et al., 2008
		- decreased biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein
		- decreased bile acid accumulation
		- decreased expression of detoxification enzymes and transporters
PPARα	C57BL/6 mice	- decreased expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein transporters	Maher et al., 2008; Cheng and Klaassen, 2008a, b; Faiola et al., 2008
		- abrogated downregulation of Oatp1a1, 1a4, 1b2, and Ntcp and induction of Cyp4A14 by perfluorodecanoic acid
		- decreased PPAR-δ agonist-induced skeletal muscle damage and liver injury
FXR	C57BL/6 mice	- enhanced susceptibility of mice to alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced liver injury	Cui et al., 2009; Cheng and Klaassen, 2008a, b
CAR	C57BL/6 mice	- abrogated induction of Cyp2B10 by perfluorodecanoic acid	Phillips and Goodman, 2009; Cheng and Klaassen, 2008a, b
PXR	C57BL/6 mice	- no effect on alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate- or perfluorocarboxylic acids-induced liver injury	Cui et al., 2009; Cheng and Klaassen, 2008b