Figure 1.

Developmental RA exposure results in axial defects and suppression of miR-19 expression. Embryos were exposed to 5 nM RA from 6 to 24 hpf. A, B) Representative images of control (A) and RA-exposed (B) animals at 48 hpf. C) Results of miRNA microarray analysis performed on samples obtained at 12, 24, 36, or 48 hpf from embryos batch-exposed to 5 nM RA from 6 to 24 hpf (n=2). Heat map represents bidirectional hierarchical clustering of significant miRNA genes (Data represent fold change relative to control-exposed embryos, n=2, P<0.05, 5% FDR, t test.) miR-739 was removed from the miRBase database due to its prediction as a fragment of rRNA. D) miR-19 expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR at 12 hpf in pools of 25 embryos exposed to 5 nM RA. (Values represent fold change compared to unexposed control embryos, means±se, n=3.) *P < 0.05, independent samples t test.