Table 1.
Micronutrient levels in serum/plasma before and after supplementation are shown
| Micronutrient | Before [Mean ± SD] | After [Mean ± SD] | Reference value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C in plasma [μmol/L] N=31 |
61.22 ± 20.32 |
63.33 ± 12.0 |
45-80 |
n.s. |
| Vitamin A in plasma [μmol/L] N=35 |
2.21 ± 0.52 |
2.27 ± 0.40 |
> 1.05 |
n.s. |
| Vitamin E in plasma [μmol/L] N=31 |
36.55 ± 8.35 |
40.30 ± 8.68 |
> 16.2 |
p<0.05 |
| α-Carotene in plasma [μmol/L] N=37 |
0.13 ± 0.12 |
0.15 ± 0.09 |
0.05–0.1 |
p<0.05 |
| β-Carotene in plasma [μmol/L] N=35 |
0.58 ± 0.35 |
0.69 ± 0.47 |
0.3-0.6 |
p<0.01 |
| Lutein in plasma [μmol/L] N=35 |
0.35 ± 0.16 |
0.40 ± 0.15 |
0.10–0.3 |
p<0.01 |
| Lycopene in plasma [μmol/L] N=35 |
0.53 ± 0.22 |
0.45 ± 0.23 |
0.5–1.0 |
p<0.05 |
| Vitamin B1 in serum [mmol/L] N=33 |
155.52 ± 49.22 |
187.73 ± 32.89 |
66–200 |
p<0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 in serum [mmol/L] N= 32 |
83.72 ± 39.84 |
185.91 ± 65.56 |
35–110 |
p<0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 in plasma [pmol/L] N=30 |
349.37 ± 117.08 |
382.40 ± 125.73 |
141–489 |
p<0.05 |
| Folic acid in plasma [nmol/L] N=30 |
21.06 ± 8.64 |
39.8 ± 5.87 |
7–39.7 |
p<0.001 |
| Zinc in plasma [μmol/L] N=12♀ / N=18♂ | 11.34± 1.45♀ 11.36 ± 1.46♂ | 11.83 ± 1.54♀ 11.03± 1.49♂ | 9.0–22.0♀ 12.0–26.0♂ | n.s. |
n.s. = not significant.
♀ = female. ♂ = male.