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. 2013 Mar 14;5(1):179–200. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5010179

Table 3.

Results for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.

MLCCS Diagnosis Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone
Obs Exp O/E EBGM GPS Signal TreeScan p-value Obs Exp O/E EBGM GPS Signal TreeScan p-value
05 Mental Disorders 4 1.7 2.4 1.6 . 1 0.9 1.1 1.5 .
06 Diseases Of The Nervous System And Sense Organs 197 90.7 2.2 2.1 ** 0.00001 75 45.1 1.7 1.6 0.003
06.03   Paralysis 2 1.1 1.9 1.5 . 0 0.7 0.0 1.3 .
06.04   Epilepsy; Convulsions 3 4.0 0.8 1.3 . 2 2.3 0.9 1.4 .
06.05   Headache; Including Migraine 4 11.6 0.3 0.6 . 5 5.6 0.9 1.3 .
06.06   Coma; Stupor; And Brain Damage 3 1.3 2.4 1.6 . 1 0.6 1.7 1.5 .
06.07   Eye Disorders 185 72.9 2.5 2.4 *** 0.00001 67 35.9 1.9 1.8 0.00004
06.07.01     Cataract 123 51.4 2.4 2.3 ** 0.00001 47 24.2 1.9 1.8 0.002
06.07.03     Glaucoma 62 21.4 2.9 2.6 *** 0.00001 20 11.7 1.7 1.6 0.80
07 Diseases Of The Circulatory System 378 177.7 2.1 2.1 ** 0.00001 186 94.8 2.0 1.9 ** 0.00001
07.01   Hypertension 34 16.3 2.1 1.8 0.009 4 3.1 1.3 1.4 .
07.01.02     Hypertension With Complications And Secondary Hypertension 34 16.3 2.1 1.9 0.009 4 3.1 1.3 1.4 .
07.01.02.01       Hypertensive Heart And/Or Renal Disease 34 16.1 2.1 1.9 0.007 4 2.9 1.4 1.5 .
07.02   Diseases Of The Heart 190 86.6 2.2 2.1 ** 0.00001 116 51.9 2.2 2.1 ** 0.00001
07.02.01     Heart Valve Disorders 15 10.1 1.5 1.5 . 14 6.7 2.1 1.8 0.54
07.02.02     Peri-; Endo-; And Myocarditis; Cardiomyopathy (Except That Caused 6 2.2 2.7 1.8 0.89 4 1.1 3.8 1.9 0.80
07.02.03     Acute Myocardial Infarction 12 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.08 5 1.8 2.8 1.8 .
07.02.04     Coronary Atherosclerosis And Other Heart Disease 51 18.2 2.8 2.4 ** 0.00001 24 10.0 2.4 2.0 0.01
07.02.04.00       Coronary Atherosclerosis And Other Heart Disease 11 3.6 3.1 2.1 0.10 3 1.6 1.8 1.6 .
07.02.04.01       Angina Pectoris 16 6.3 2.5 2.0 0.08 8 3.1 2.6 1.8 0.66
07.02.04.02       Unstable Angina (Intermediate Coronary Syndrome) 5 2.0 2.5 1.7 . 6 1.5 4.1 2.2 0.26
07.02.04.03       Other Acute And Subacute Forms Of Ischemic Heart Disease 4 1.0 4.2 2.0 0.70 1 0.3 2.9 1.6 .
07.02.04.05       Other Forms Of Chronic Heart Disease 15 5.2 2.9 2.1 0.03 6 3.4 1.8 1.6 .
07.02.05     Nonspecific Chest Pain 2 1.8 1.1 1.4 . 2 1.6 1.3 1.5 .
07.02.06     Pulmonary Heart Disease 1 1.2 0.8 1.4 . 4 0.8 5.0 2.2 0.48
07.02.07     Other And Ill-Defined Heart Disease 5 5.2 1.0 1.3 . 11 3.1 3.5 2.2 0.03
07.02.08     Conduction Disorders 2 2.2 0.9 1.4 . 4 1.4 2.8 1.7 .
07.02.09     Cardiac Dysrhythmias 48 33.3 1.4 1.5 0.63 28 21.9 1.3 1.3 .
07.02.10     Cardiac Arrest And Ventricular Fibrillation 4 0.9 4.4 2.0 0.62 0 0.4 0.0 1.4 .
07.02.11     Congestive Heart Failure; Nonhypertensive 44 7.3 6.0 5.9 *** 0.00001 20 3.2 6.3 6.0 *** 0.00001
07.02.11.00       Congestive Heart Failure; Nonhypertensive 4 0.1 54.6 14.1 *** 0.00002 1 0.0 26.4 2.1 .
07.02.11.01       Congestive Heart Failure 35 6.3 5.5 5.4 *** 0.00001 16 2.7 5.8 5.3 *** 0.00002
07.02.11.02       Heart Failure 5 0.9 5.4 2.5 0.19 3 0.4 7.3 2.5 0.43
07.03   Cerebrovascular Disease 40 15.1 2.6 2.2 ** 0.00001 13 7.1 1.8 1.6 .
07.03.01     Acute Cerebrovascular Disease 14 5.9 2.4 1.9 0.27 1 2.3 0.4 1.2 .
07.03.02     Occlusion Or Stenosis Of Precerebral Arteries 7 2.8 2.5 1.8 0.86 8 1.3 6.1 4.1 ** 0.00472
07.03.03     Other And Ill-Defined Cerebrovascular Disease 3 1.6 1.9 1.6 . 1 1.2 0.8 1.4 .
07.03.04     Transient Cerebral Ischemia 14 3.9 3.6 2.4 0.006 2 1.6 1.3 1.5 .
07.03.05     Late Effects Of Cerebrovascular Disease 2 0.9 2.2 1.6 . 1 0.7 1.5 1.5 .
07.04   Diseases Of Arteries; Arterioles; And Capillaries 81 44.8 1.8 1.7 0.00002 41 25.7 1.6 1.6 0.28149
07.04.01     Peripheral And Visceral Atherosclerosis 33 7.6 4.4 4.1 *** 0.00001 18 3.8 4.7 4.0 *** 0.00002
07.04.01.01       Atherosclerosis Of Arteries Of Extremities 9 1.6 5.5 3.6 ** 0.005 3 0.7 4.2 1.9 .
07.04.01.02       Peripheral Vascular Disease Unspecified 21 4.9 4.3 3.5 *** 0.00001 11 2.4 4.7 3.1 ** 0.0023
07.04.01.03       Other Peripheral And Visceral Atherosclerosis 3 1.0 3.0 1.7 . 4 0.8 5.2 2.2 0.43304
07.04.02     Aortic; Peripheral; And Visceral Artery Aneurysms 1 1.9 0.5 1.3 . 3 1.1 2.7 1.7 .
07.04.03     Aortic And Peripheral Arterial Embolism Or Thrombosis 5 0.9 5.3 2.5 0.20 2 0.4 4.6 1.8 .
07.04.04     Other Circulatory Disease 42 34.4 1.2 1.3 . 18 20.4 0.9 1.1 .
07.04.04.01       Hypotension 8 1.8 4.6 2.6 0.04 0 0.7 0.0 1.4 .
07.04.04.02       Other And Unspecified Circulatory Disease 34 32.7 1.0 1.1 . 18 19.6 0.9 1.1 .
07.05   Diseases Of Veins And Lymphatics 33 14.9 2.2 1.9 0.004 12 6.9 1.7 1.6 .
07.05.01     Phlebitis; Thrombophlebitis And Thromboembolism 9 4.2 2.1 1.7 . 8 2.5 3.2 2.0 0.27
07.05.02     Varicose Veins Of Lower Extremity 5 5.8 0.9 1.2 . 1 2.7 0.4 1.2 .
07.05.04     Other Diseases Of Veins And Lymphatics 19 5.0 3.8 2.9 ** 0.00002 3 1.7 1.7 1.5 .
09 Diseases Of The Digestive System 131 116.4 1.1 1.2 . 80 62.0 1.3 1.3 0.79
10 Diseases Of The Genitourinary System 186 75.0 2.5 2.3 *** 0.00001 96 45.4 2.1 2.0 ** 0.00001
10.01   Diseases Of The Urinary System 167 63.7 2.6 2.5 *** 0.00001 86 35.5 2.4 2.2 ** 0.00001
10.01.01     Nephritis; Nephrosis; Renal Sclerosis 28 1.2 24.3 21.0 *** 0.00001 6 0.7 8.7 5.7 ** 0.005
10.01.02     Acute And Unspecified Renal Failure 3 1.2 2.6 1.7 . 1 0.6 1.6 1.5 .
10.01.03     Chronic Renal Failure 14 1.6 9.0 8.3 *** 0.00001 7 0.7 10.1 7.8 *** 0.0001
10.01.04     Urinary Tract Infections 6 1.3 4.7 2.4 0.15 2 0.6 3.4 1.7 .
10.01.05     Calculus Of Urinary Tract 6 8.6 0.7 1.1 . 3 4.2 0.7 1.2 .
10.01.06     Other Diseases Of Kidney And Ureters 30 6.2 4.8 4.7 *** 0.00001 14 3.4 4.1 2.9 ** 0.0004
10.01.06.02       Other And Unspecified Diseases Of Kidney And Ureters 30 5.5 5.5 5.3 *** 0.00001 14 3.0 4.7 3.6 ** 0.00004
10.01.07     Other Diseases Of Bladder And Urethra 0 1.0 0.0 1.3 . 1 0.6 1.8 1.5 .
10.01.08     Genitourinary Symptoms And Ill-Defined Conditions 80 42.8 1.9 1.8 0.00002 52 24.7 2.1 1.9 ** 0.00002
10.01.08.01       Hematuria 13 11.9 1.1 1.3 . 14 7.5 1.9 1.7 0.86
10.01.08.02       Retention Of Urine 3 2.8 1.1 1.4 . 1 1.3 0.7 1.4 .
10.01.08.03       Other And Unspecified Genitourinary Symptoms 64 28.1 2.3 2.1 ** 0.00001 37 15.9 2.3 2.1 ** 0.00007
10.03   Diseases Of Female Genital Organs 19 11.2 1.7 1.6 0.88 10 9.9 1.0 1.3 .
11 Complications Of Pregnancy; Childbirth; And The Puerperium 0 0.5 0.0 1.3 . 0 0.3 0.0 1.3 .
12 Diseases Of The Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue 205 166.6 1.2 1.3 0.23 78 70.5 1.1 1.2 .
12.01   Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue Infections 17 7.9 2.2 1.7 0.26 9 4.2 2.1 1.6 .
12.02   Other Inflammatory Condition Of Skin 41 33.8 1.2 1.3 . 15 13.1 1.1 1.3 .
12.03   Chronic Ulcer Of Skin 13 1.1 11.8 10.7 *** 0.00001 9 0.4 21.2 16.4 *** 0.00001
12.03.02     Chronic Ulcer Of Leg Or Foot 13 1.1 11.8 10.4 *** 0.00001 9 0.4 21.2 15.1 *** 0.00001
12.04   Other Skin Disorders 134 123.8 1.1 1.1 . 45 52.7 0.9 1.0 .
13 Diseases Of The Musculoskeletal System And Connective Tissue 187 131.8 1.4 1.4 0.00008 84 57.7 1.5 1.5 0.07
13.01   Infective Arthritis And Osteomyelitis (Except That Caused By TB Or STD 2 1.0 2.0 1.5 . 1 0.6 1.6 1.5 .
13.07   Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Connective Tissue Disorders 1 1.1 0.9 1.4 . 2 0.7 2.9 1.6 .
13.08   Other Connective Tissue Disease 184 129.6 1.4 1.4 0.0001 81 56.4 1.4 1.4 0.13
16 Injury And Poisoning 2 1.8 1.1 1.4 . 1 0.9 1.1 1.4 .
17 Symptoms; Signs; And Ill-Defined Conditions And Factors Influencing Health 128 106.8 1.2 1.2 . 57 50.4 1.1 1.2 .

MLCCS = Multi-level Clinical Classifications System; Obs = Observed; Exp = Expected; O/E = Observed/Expected; TreeScan p = multiple testing adjusted p-values, p > 0.90 is indicated with ‘.’; EBGM: empirical Bayesian geometric mean; *** GPS Signal at lower 90% CI bound ≥2; **Signal at lower 95% CI bound >1.5; Table includes (1) all major disease category headings; (2) any disease categories that signaled for GPS or with a p-value ≤ 0.10; (3) any parents/grandparent of categories that signaled, and (4) any sibling of a disease category that signaled as long as there were observed events. We excluded any categories that were exactly the same as the parent.