Table 3.
MLCCS | Diagnosis | Pioglitazone | Rosiglitazone | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs | Exp | O/E | EBGM | GPS Signal | TreeScan p-value | Obs | Exp | O/E | EBGM | GPS Signal | TreeScan p-value | ||
05 | Mental Disorders | 4 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.6 | . | 1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | . | ||
06 | Diseases Of The Nervous System And Sense Organs | 197 | 90.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00001 | 75 | 45.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.003 | |
06.03 | Paralysis | 2 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | . | 0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | . | ||
06.04 | Epilepsy; Convulsions | 3 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | . | 2 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | . | ||
06.05 | Headache; Including Migraine | 4 | 11.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | . | 5 | 5.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | . | ||
06.06 | Coma; Stupor; And Brain Damage | 3 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.6 | . | 1 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | . | ||
06.07 | Eye Disorders | 185 | 72.9 | 2.5 | 2.4 | *** | 0.00001 | 67 | 35.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.00004 | |
06.07.01 | Cataract | 123 | 51.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | ** | 0.00001 | 47 | 24.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.002 | |
06.07.03 | Glaucoma | 62 | 21.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | *** | 0.00001 | 20 | 11.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.80 | |
07 | Diseases Of The Circulatory System | 378 | 177.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00001 | 186 | 94.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | ** | 0.00001 |
07.01 | Hypertension | 34 | 16.3 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.009 | 4 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | . | ||
07.01.02 | Hypertension With Complications And Secondary Hypertension | 34 | 16.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.009 | 4 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | . | ||
07.01.02.01 | Hypertensive Heart And/Or Renal Disease | 34 | 16.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.007 | 4 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.5 | . | ||
07.02 | Diseases Of The Heart | 190 | 86.6 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00001 | 116 | 51.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00001 |
07.02.01 | Heart Valve Disorders | 15 | 10.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | . | 14 | 6.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.54 | ||
07.02.02 | Peri-; Endo-; And Myocarditis; Cardiomyopathy (Except That Caused | 6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.89 | 4 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.80 | ||
07.02.03 | Acute Myocardial Infarction | 12 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 0.08 | 5 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | . | ||
07.02.04 | Coronary Atherosclerosis And Other Heart Disease | 51 | 18.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | ** | 0.00001 | 24 | 10.0 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.01 | |
07.02.04.00 | Coronary Atherosclerosis And Other Heart Disease | 11 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | . | ||
07.02.04.01 | Angina Pectoris | 16 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.08 | 8 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.66 | ||
07.02.04.02 | Unstable Angina (Intermediate Coronary Syndrome) | 5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | . | 6 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.26 | ||
07.02.04.03 | Other Acute And Subacute Forms Of Ischemic Heart Disease | 4 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.70 | 1 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 1.6 | . | ||
07.02.04.05 | Other Forms Of Chronic Heart Disease | 15 | 5.2 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 0.03 | 6 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 1.6 | . | ||
07.02.05 | Nonspecific Chest Pain | 2 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.4 | . | 2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | . | ||
07.02.06 | Pulmonary Heart Disease | 1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | . | 4 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 0.48 | ||
07.02.07 | Other And Ill-Defined Heart Disease | 5 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | . | 11 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.03 | ||
07.02.08 | Conduction Disorders | 2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | . | 4 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 1.7 | . | ||
07.02.09 | Cardiac Dysrhythmias | 48 | 33.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.63 | 28 | 21.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | . | ||
07.02.10 | Cardiac Arrest And Ventricular Fibrillation | 4 | 0.9 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 0.62 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.4 | . | ||
07.02.11 | Congestive Heart Failure; Nonhypertensive | 44 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 5.9 | *** | 0.00001 | 20 | 3.2 | 6.3 | 6.0 | *** | 0.00001 |
07.02.11.00 | Congestive Heart Failure; Nonhypertensive | 4 | 0.1 | 54.6 | 14.1 | *** | 0.00002 | 1 | 0.0 | 26.4 | 2.1 | . | |
07.02.11.01 | Congestive Heart Failure | 35 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | *** | 0.00001 | 16 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 5.3 | *** | 0.00002 |
07.02.11.02 | Heart Failure | 5 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 0.19 | 3 | 0.4 | 7.3 | 2.5 | 0.43 | ||
07.03 | Cerebrovascular Disease | 40 | 15.1 | 2.6 | 2.2 | ** | 0.00001 | 13 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | . | |
07.03.01 | Acute Cerebrovascular Disease | 14 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.27 | 1 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | . | ||
07.03.02 | Occlusion Or Stenosis Of Precerebral Arteries | 7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.86 | 8 | 1.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 | ** | 0.00472 | |
07.03.03 | Other And Ill-Defined Cerebrovascular Disease | 3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | . | 1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | . | ||
07.03.04 | Transient Cerebral Ischemia | 14 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 0.006 | 2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | . | ||
07.03.05 | Late Effects Of Cerebrovascular Disease | 2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.6 | . | 1 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | . | ||
07.04 | Diseases Of Arteries; Arterioles; And Capillaries | 81 | 44.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.00002 | 41 | 25.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.28149 | ||
07.04.01 | Peripheral And Visceral Atherosclerosis | 33 | 7.6 | 4.4 | 4.1 | *** | 0.00001 | 18 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.0 | *** | 0.00002 |
07.04.01.01 | Atherosclerosis Of Arteries Of Extremities | 9 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 3.6 | ** | 0.005 | 3 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 1.9 | . | |
07.04.01.02 | Peripheral Vascular Disease Unspecified | 21 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 3.5 | *** | 0.00001 | 11 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 3.1 | ** | 0.0023 |
07.04.01.03 | Other Peripheral And Visceral Atherosclerosis | 3 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.7 | . | 4 | 0.8 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 0.43304 | ||
07.04.02 | Aortic; Peripheral; And Visceral Artery Aneurysms | 1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.3 | . | 3 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.7 | . | ||
07.04.03 | Aortic And Peripheral Arterial Embolism Or Thrombosis | 5 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 0.20 | 2 | 0.4 | 4.6 | 1.8 | . | ||
07.04.04 | Other Circulatory Disease | 42 | 34.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | . | 18 | 20.4 | 0.9 | 1.1 | . | ||
07.04.04.01 | Hypotension | 8 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 | . | ||
07.04.04.02 | Other And Unspecified Circulatory Disease | 34 | 32.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | . | 18 | 19.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | . | ||
07.05 | Diseases Of Veins And Lymphatics | 33 | 14.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.004 | 12 | 6.9 | 1.7 | 1.6 | . | ||
07.05.01 | Phlebitis; Thrombophlebitis And Thromboembolism | 9 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | . | 8 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.27 | ||
07.05.02 | Varicose Veins Of Lower Extremity | 5 | 5.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | . | 1 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | . | ||
07.05.04 | Other Diseases Of Veins And Lymphatics | 19 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 2.9 | ** | 0.00002 | 3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | . | |
09 | Diseases Of The Digestive System | 131 | 116.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | . | 80 | 62.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.79 | ||
10 | Diseases Of The Genitourinary System | 186 | 75.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | *** | 0.00001 | 96 | 45.4 | 2.1 | 2.0 | ** | 0.00001 |
10.01 | Diseases Of The Urinary System | 167 | 63.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | *** | 0.00001 | 86 | 35.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | ** | 0.00001 |
10.01.01 | Nephritis; Nephrosis; Renal Sclerosis | 28 | 1.2 | 24.3 | 21.0 | *** | 0.00001 | 6 | 0.7 | 8.7 | 5.7 | ** | 0.005 |
10.01.02 | Acute And Unspecified Renal Failure | 3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | . | 1 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | . | ||
10.01.03 | Chronic Renal Failure | 14 | 1.6 | 9.0 | 8.3 | *** | 0.00001 | 7 | 0.7 | 10.1 | 7.8 | *** | 0.0001 |
10.01.04 | Urinary Tract Infections | 6 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 0.15 | 2 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | . | ||
10.01.05 | Calculus Of Urinary Tract | 6 | 8.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | . | 3 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | . | ||
10.01.06 | Other Diseases Of Kidney And Ureters | 30 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 4.7 | *** | 0.00001 | 14 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 2.9 | ** | 0.0004 |
10.01.06.02 | Other And Unspecified Diseases Of Kidney And Ureters | 30 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | *** | 0.00001 | 14 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 3.6 | ** | 0.00004 |
10.01.07 | Other Diseases Of Bladder And Urethra | 0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | . | 1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | . | ||
10.01.08 | Genitourinary Symptoms And Ill-Defined Conditions | 80 | 42.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.00002 | 52 | 24.7 | 2.1 | 1.9 | ** | 0.00002 | |
10.01.08.01 | Hematuria | 13 | 11.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | . | 14 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.86 | ||
10.01.08.02 | Retention Of Urine | 3 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.4 | . | 1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.4 | . | ||
10.01.08.03 | Other And Unspecified Genitourinary Symptoms | 64 | 28.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00001 | 37 | 15.9 | 2.3 | 2.1 | ** | 0.00007 |
10.03 | Diseases Of Female Genital Organs | 19 | 11.2 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.88 | 10 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 1.3 | . | ||
11 | Complications Of Pregnancy; Childbirth; And The Puerperium | 0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.3 | . | 0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | . | ||
12 | Diseases Of The Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue | 205 | 166.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.23 | 78 | 70.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | . | ||
12.01 | Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue Infections | 17 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.26 | 9 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | . | ||
12.02 | Other Inflammatory Condition Of Skin | 41 | 33.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | . | 15 | 13.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | . | ||
12.03 | Chronic Ulcer Of Skin | 13 | 1.1 | 11.8 | 10.7 | *** | 0.00001 | 9 | 0.4 | 21.2 | 16.4 | *** | 0.00001 |
12.03.02 | Chronic Ulcer Of Leg Or Foot | 13 | 1.1 | 11.8 | 10.4 | *** | 0.00001 | 9 | 0.4 | 21.2 | 15.1 | *** | 0.00001 |
12.04 | Other Skin Disorders | 134 | 123.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | . | 45 | 52.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | . | ||
13 | Diseases Of The Musculoskeletal System And Connective Tissue | 187 | 131.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.00008 | 84 | 57.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.07 | ||
13.01 | Infective Arthritis And Osteomyelitis (Except That Caused By TB Or STD | 2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | . | 1 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | . | ||
13.07 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Connective Tissue Disorders | 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | . | 2 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 1.6 | . | ||
13.08 | Other Connective Tissue Disease | 184 | 129.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.0001 | 81 | 56.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.13 | ||
16 | Injury And Poisoning | 2 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.4 | . | 1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.4 | . | ||
17 | Symptoms; Signs; And Ill-Defined Conditions And Factors Influencing Health | 128 | 106.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | . | 57 | 50.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | . |
MLCCS = Multi-level Clinical Classifications System; Obs = Observed; Exp = Expected; O/E = Observed/Expected; TreeScan p = multiple testing adjusted p-values, p > 0.90 is indicated with ‘.’; EBGM: empirical Bayesian geometric mean; *** GPS Signal at lower 90% CI bound ≥2; **Signal at lower 95% CI bound >1.5; Table includes (1) all major disease category headings; (2) any disease categories that signaled for GPS or with a p-value ≤ 0.10; (3) any parents/grandparent of categories that signaled, and (4) any sibling of a disease category that signaled as long as there were observed events. We excluded any categories that were exactly the same as the parent.