Table 5.
Percent of melanoma cases over-expressing the cytokines/growth factors evaluated by the extent of immunohistochemical stained tumor cells.
| Cytokines/Growth Factors | Primary Melanoma (n = 12) | Distant Metastasis (n = 19) | Fisher’s Exact Test P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| EGF | 12 (100%) | 19 (100%) | NS |
| PlGF | 11 (91%) | 18 (94%) | NS |
| GM-CSF | 9 (75%) | 12 (63%) | NS |
| IL-15 | 9 (75%) | 5 (26%) | <0.05 |
| Osteopontin | 9 (75%) | 9 (47%) | NS |
| IL-1α | 8 (66%) | 11 (57%) | NS |
| IL-6 | 8 (66%) | 8 (42%) | NS |
| IGF-1 | 7 (58%) | 1 (5%) | <0.01 |
| IL-5 | 7 (58%) | 9 (47%) | NS |
| VEGF-A | 3 (25%) | 3 (15%) | NS |
| IL-8 | 4 (33%) | 10 (52%) | NS |
| TGF-β | 1 (8%) | 5 (26%) | NS |
| TNF-α | 10 (83%) | 11 (57%) | NS |
| FGF-Basic | 10 (83%) | 8 (42%) | <0.05 |
| PDGF-AA | 6 (50%) | 8 (42%) | NS |