Figure 1.
The signaling pathways induced by oxidative stress.
* Mito-ETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain, SOD: superoxide dismutases; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GR: glutathione reductase; GRXo, glutaredoxin (oxidized); GRXr: glutaredoxin (reduced); GSHr: glutathione (reduced); TRXo, thioredoxin (oxidized); TRXr: thioredoxin (reduced).