Figure 5.

TGF‐β inhibitors increased c‐Kit+ cell yield. A, SB or SIS was added to explants culture on day 2. Vehicle solution (DMSO) was added to control explants. Scale bars=200 μm (top row) and 50 μm (bottom row). B, FACS analysis of sham or CHF EDCs generated in the presence of SB or SIS. n=5 per condition. *P<0.05, inhibitor‐treated cells vs untreated control. ^#P<0.05, CHF untreated vs sham untreated. CHF indicates chronic heart failure; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EDCs, explant‐derived cells; FACS, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; SB, suppression of TGF‐β receptor type 1; SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin; SIS, suppression of Smad2/3 phosphorylation; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor–β.