Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (n = 83)
| Mean | SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia | 62 (75%) | – | – |
| Schizoaffective | 21 (25%) | – | – |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 50 (60%) | – | – |
| Female | 33 (40%) | – | – |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 39 (47%) | – | – |
| African-American | 21 (25%) | – | – |
| Hispanic | 17 (21%) | – | – |
| Asian | 2 (2%) | – | – |
| Multiethnic | 4 (5%) | – | – |
| Age | 35.27 | 10.48 | 18–60 |
| Education | 12.41 | 2.44 | 6–16 |
| Duration of illness | 12.28 | 10.60 | 0–37 |
| Age at onset of psychotic symptoms | 22.41 | 7.67 | 9–42 |
| Number of hospitalizations | 6.41 | 6.36 | 1–26 |
| GAS score | 31.56 | 7.50 | 18–50 |
| Course of illness (n = 49) | |||
| Episodic shift/mild deterioration | 6 (12%) | – | – |
| Moderate deterioration | 25 (51%) | – | – |
| Severe deterioration/stable poor | 18 (37%) | – | – |
| Number of subjects with delusions (SAPS rating ≥2) | 58 (70%) | – | – |
| Delusions | |||
| Persecutory | 1.31 | 1.58 | 0–5 |
| Guilt/sin | 0.40 | 0.92 | 0–4 |
| Grandiose | 0.82 | 1.39 | 0–5 |
| Religious | 0.58 | 1.15 | 0–5 |
| Somatic | 0.93 | 1.50 | 0–5 |
| Reference | 1.00 | 1.61 | 0–5 |
| Being controlled | 0.71 | 1.42 | 0–5 |
| Mind reading | 0.89 | 1.49 | 0–5 |
| Broadcasting | 0.71 | 1.38 | 0–5 |
| Thought insertion | 0.53 | 1.22 | 0–5 |
| Thought withdrawal | 0.73 | 1.41 | 0–5 |
| Global ratings of delusions | 2.42 | 1.73 | 0–5 |
GAS = Global assessment scale; episodic shift/mild deterioration = episodes of illness are interspersed by periods of health with mild or no deterioration in functioning; moderate deterioration = occasional resolution of symptoms may occur, but overall the course is downhill culminating in moderate degree of social and occupational functioning; severe deterioration/stable poor = the subject's illness has become chronic resulting in social impairment and inability to maintain employment. Delusions ratings based on the SAPS: 0 (none) to 5 (severe).