Figure 2.

Characterization of carbonate-induced transition in synthetic carbonated apatites in the 0.3–10.3 wt% range. A) Measures of ³¹P NMR chemical shift relative to H₃PO₄, and B) Raman PO₄³⁻ ν₁ band center versus carbonate content with error bars representing standard deviations. C) Histograms of carbonated apatite particle size distribution as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with D) & E) micrographs of CAp6 (8.72 wt% CO₃²⁻) and CAp2 (2.26 wt% CO₃²⁻), respectively.