Table 5.
Overview of major MC studies in RA and SLE patients
| Disease | Number of subjects/samples | Method/ Material | MC positive | Mean disease duration (years)/age of subjects (years) | History of blood transfusion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RA |
71 RA; 49 HC |
PCR/ PBMC |
18% RA, 24% HC |
n.r. / 33 (median) |
n.r. |
Yan et al. [31] |
| RA, JIA |
25 pregnant patients: |
PCR/ PBMC |
|
n.r. / 33 |
n.r. |
Yan at al. [30] |
| (21 with improvement of arthritis, 4 with active arthritis) |
100%50% |
|||||
| RA |
DRB1*01 MC: |
PCR/PBMC |
DRB1*01 MC: |
n.r./ 57 (RA); |
included |
Rak et al. [14] |
| 33 RA, 46 HC |
RA: 30%, HC: 4% |
52 (HC) |
(17%, HC 13%) |
|||
| DRB1*04 MC: |
RA: 40%, |
|||||
| 48 RA, 64 HC |
RA: 40%, HC: 8% |
|||||
| RA |
15 patients/19 granulomatous nodules |
PCR/ tissue |
13/15 patients, 14/19 nodules |
22.5 / 66 |
included |
Atkins et al. [32] |
| RA |
QKRAA MC: |
PCR/ PBMC |
QKRAA MC |
n.r. / 51 (RA), |
n.r. |
Yan et al. [29] |
| 52 RA, 34 HC |
RA: 17%, HC: 3% |
42 (HC) |
||||
| QRRAA MC: |
QRRAA MC: |
|||||
| 52 RA, 34 HC |
RA: 40%, HC: 18% |
|
||||
| RA |
13 patients (synovial tissue), 10 patients (skin fibroblasts) |
PCR/tissue |
38% |
16.4 / 55.5 |
n.r. |
Hromadnikova et al. [34] |
| 40% | ||||||
| SLE |
1 patient, 44 samples, 11 female control subjects |
FISH/tissue |
100% abnormal tissue, 0% normal tissue; 0/11 controls |
1 / 33 |
n.r. |
Johnson et al. [33] |
| SLE |
22 patients, 24 HC |
PCR/whole blood |
SLE: 50% HC: 50% |
n.r. /44 (SLE), 48 (HC) |
excluded |
Mosca et al. [35] |
| SLE |
49 patients (57 renal biopsies), 51 HC samples |
FISH/tissue |
SLE: 55% of patients, 51% of samples HC: 25% of samples |
n.r. / 31 (SLE) |
included (31%) |
Kremer Hovinga et al. [37] |
| SLE | 7 patients (48 organ samples), 34 HC (146 samples) | FISH/tissue | SLE: 100% (50% of samples), HC: 44%, (14% of samples) | 7 /41 (SLE); 47 (HC) | excluded | Kremer Hovinga et al. [36] |
n.r.: not reported, FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization. HC: healthy controls.