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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 21.

Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2013 Jun 6;153(6):1194–1217. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039

A) Cellular senescence. In young organisms, cellular senescence prevents the proliferation of damaged cells, thus protecting from cancer and contributing to tissue homeostasis. In old organisms, the pervasive damage and the deficient clearance and replenishment of senescent cells results in their accumulation, and this has a number of deleterious effects on tissue homeostasis that contribute to aging.

B) Stem cell exhaustion. Consequences of the exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), satellite cells and intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) are exemplified.

C) Altered intercellular communication. Examples of altered intercellular communication associated with aging.

A) Cellular senescence. In young organisms, cellular senescence prevents the proliferation of damaged cells, thus protecting from cancer and contributing to tissue homeostasis. In old organisms, the pervasive damage and the deficient clearance and replenishment of senescent cells results in their accumulation, and this has a number of deleterious effects on tissue homeostasis that contribute to aging.

B) Stem cell exhaustion. Consequences of the exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), satellite cells and intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) are exemplified.

C) Altered intercellular communication. Examples of altered intercellular communication associated with aging.