Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the studies comparing relatives of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
| Study | Sample size |
Age in years(SD) |
Male in proportions (%) |
Information of relatives | GM types of VBM | MRI strength | Smoothing FWHM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rel | Con | Rel | Con | Rel | Con | |||||
| (17) | 45 | 59 | 22.6 (3.92) | 23.2 (2.58) | 64.4 | 64.4 | First-degree (siblings) | GM volume | 3 T | 8 mm |
| (6) | 29 | 37 | 40.38 (15.84) | 39.36 (9.97) | 48.3 | 45.9 | First-degree (parents and siblings) | GM volume | 3 T | 8 mm |
| (12) | 186 | 122 | 27.5 (6.8) | 27.5 (8.2) | 45.7 | 50 | First-degree (siblings) | GM density | 1.5 T | 4 mm |
| (7) | 55 | 29 | 50.31 (5.1) | 51.79 (5.58) | 49.1 | 48.3 | First-degree (parents) | GM density | 3 T | 6 mm |
| (13) | 9 | 34 | 33.8 (13.1) | 39.3 (9.5) | 66.7 | 70.6 | First-degree (MZ) | GM volume | 1.5 T | 8 mm |
| (15)a | 10 | 10 | 41.4 (3.7) | 43.2 (6.3) | 37.5 | 40 | First-degree (parents) | GM density | 3 T | 8 mm |
| (15)a | 10 | 10 | 45.6 (6.2) | 43.2 (6.3) | 41.7 | 40 | First-degree (parents) | GM density | 3 T | 8 mm |
| (14) | 213 | 212 | 36.5 (9.75) | 33.31 (9.86) | 41.8 | 48.6 | First-degree (siblings) | GM volume | 1.5 T | 10 mm |
| (16) | 24 | 49 | 38.92 (12.9) | 35.27 (11.1) | 45.8 | 46.9 | First- and second-degree | GM density | 1.5 T | 12 mm |
(1) aTwo independent VBM comparisons between relatives of patients and healthy controls were conducted by Lui et al.
(2) SD, standard deviation; MZ, monozygotic twins; VBM, voxel-based morphometry; GM, gray matter; FWHM, full-width at half-maximum.