Table 3.

Crude and Multivariable Adjusted^* Effect Estimates (95% Confidence Interval) for Associations of Child Race/Ethnicity with Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity (Continuous Outcomes).

Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity	Black, non-Hispanic			Hispanic or Latino
	Effect Estimate (95% Confidence Interval)
	Crude	SES Adjusted	Parental BMI Adjusted	Crude	SES Adjusted	Parental BMI Adjusted
Fetal growth
Birth weight for gestational age z-score	−0.38 (−0.49, −0.27)	−0.36 (−0.49, −0.24)	−0.39 (−0.52, −0.27)	−0.33 (−0.50, −0.15)	−0.28 (−0.46, −0.10	−0.30 (−0.48, −0.11)
Cord blood adipokines†
Leptin (per 10 ng/mL increment)	0.30 (0.18, 0.43)	0.33 (0.20, 0.47)	0.31 (0.17, 0.44)	0.11 (−0.07, 0.30)	0.13 (−0.07, 0.34)	0.09 (−0.11, 0.30)
Adiponectin (per 10 µg/mL increment)	−0.05 (−0.18, 0.08)	−0.12 (−0.26, 0.02)	−0.12 (−0.26, 0.03)	−0.003 (−0.21, 0.21)	−0.11 (−0.33, 0.11)	−0.17 (−0.40, 0.06)
Infant feeding
Total duration of breastfeeding, months	−1.41 (−2.05, −0.77)	−0.48 (−1.19, 0.23)	−0.08 (−0.80, 0.65)	−1.40 (−2.45, −0.36)	−0.19 (−1.28, 0.89)	−0.13 (−1.23, 0.97)
Diet patterns
Family meals consumption/day at 4y	−0.07 (−0.12, −0.03)	−0.08 (−0.13, −0.03)	−0.08 (−0.13, −0.02)	0.004 (−0.08, 0.09)	−0.01 (−0.09, 0.08)	0.0002 (−0.09, 0.09)

^*Crude models are adjusted for child sex only. SES Models are additionally adjusted for maternal age, education, parity; and household income. Parental BMI models adjust for maternal and paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Reference group for all models are white children.

^†Models predicting cord blood adipokines are additionally adjusted for birth weight for gestational age z-score.