Table 3.

Clinical characteristics of thrombotic storm (adapted from Kitchens et al. [2011])^*.

Younger age (< than 50 years old) and ≥ 2 of the following: Acute, ≥ 2 arterial and/or venous thromboemboli, with or without thrombotic microangiopathy in 1–2 weeks, which may recur over years Unusual locations of thrombosis Progressive/recent unexplained recurrence Refractory to acute therapy or atypical response to therapy Exacerbation in setting of inadequate or interrupted therapy (e.g. subtherapeutic anticoagulation) Frequently preceded by an initiating event, or ‘trigger’

^*Characteristics of thrombotic storm usually not encountered: cancer (excluding minor skin cancers); myocardial infarction in the setting of advanced coronary artery disease; cocaine use associated with symptom onset; expected thrombotic complications associated with intravascular devices; known paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or myeloproliferative disorder; multitrauma/severe trauma (e.g. multiple limb injury); premorbid clinical status before development of thrombotic complications.