Fig. 3.

BFA enhances FMDV infection. (a–d) IBRS2 cells were mock-treated with DMSO (a, c) or BFA (5 μg ml⁻¹; b, d) for 0.5 h and infected with BEV (m.o.i 1.0) or FMDV (m.o.i. 0.3) for 3.5 h and processed for confocal microscopy using virus-specific antisera. Infected cells are labelled red. Nuclei are shown in blue. Bars, 10 μm. (e) Percentage of BFA-treated cells infected by FMDV normalized to cells treated with DMSO. The mean±sem is shown for triplicate experiments counting ≥750 cells per coverslip. Student’s t-test was used to determine statistical significance (*P<0.01).