Table 2. Regions of statistically significant differences of functional subcortical activation as determined by SPM analysis.
| Walk vs.Rest | Lesion vs.Sham | ET vs.No-ET | |||||
| Lesion | Lesion | Sham | Walk | Rest | Walk | Rest | |
| SUBCORTEX- MOTOR RELATED | ET | No-ET | No-ET | No-ET | No-ET | Lesion | Lesion |
| Cerebellum, vermis (1st lobule, 1Cb) | + | + | + | – | – | – | |
| vermis (2nd, 3rd, 4th lobules, 2Cb, 3Cb, 4Cb) | + | + | + | −3Cb | + | – | – |
| Cerebellar deep n. (medial, lateral, interposed) | (−)/(−) | (+)/(+) | +/+ | +/(+) | −/− | ||
| Colliculus, superior (SC) | −/− | −/− | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | |
| Globus pallidus, external/lateral (GPe) | (−)/(−) | −/− | (−)/(−) | (+)/(+) | +/+ | +/+ | (−)/(−) |
| Globus pallidus internus, entopeduncular n. (GPi) | (−)/(−) | −/− | (−)/(−) | (+)/0 | +/+ | +/+ | |
| Pedunculopontine tegmental n. (PTg) | −/− | −/− | +/+ | ||||
| Red n., pararubral n. (RPC, PaR) | (−)/(−) | (−)/− | −/(−) | +/+ | +/+ | −/(−) | |
| Striatum, anterior-medial (ant-CPu) | (+)/(+) | −/− | +/+ | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
| dorsal (d-CPu) | +/+ | (−)/0 | +/+ | −/− | −/− | +/+ | −/(−) |
| Substantia nigra (SN) | −/− | −/− | −/− | (+)/0 | |||
| Subthalamic n. (STN) | (−)/(−) | (−)/(−) | (−)/(−) | 0/(+) | |||
| Trigeminal n., motor, sensory (5) | −/− | −/− | −/(−) | +/(+) | (+)/+ | (+)/0 | |
| Zona incerta (ZI) | +/+ | 0/(+) | (+)/(+) | 0/(−) | (+)/(+) | ||
| SUBCORTEX- THALAMUS | |||||||
| Thalamus, anterior medial (AM) | −/− | (−)/(−) | −/− | ||||
| central medial (CM) | – | – | – | + | + | ||
| habenula (Hb) | (+)/+ | +/+ | −/− | −/− | |||
| posterior n. (Po) | +/+ | +/+ | |||||
| reticular (Rt) | −/− | −/− | −/− | +/+ | −/(−) | ||
| ventral anterior n. (VA) | −/− | +/+ | (+)/+ | ||||
| ventrolat. n. (VL) | −/− | −/− | −/− | (−)/0 | +/+ | (+)/+ | |
| ventromed. n. (VM) | −/− | −/− | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | ||
| ventropost. lat., ventropost. med. (VPL, VPM) | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | |||
| SUBCORTEX- LIMBIC & LIMBIC RELATED | |||||||
| Amygdala, central n. (Ce) | −/− | −/− | −/− | /(+) | +/+ | +/+ | −/(−) |
| basolateral n. (BL) | −/− | −/− | (−)/(−) | /(+) | +/+ | +/+ | |
| lateral n. (La) | −/− | −/− | (−)/(−) | −/− | +/+ | 0/(+) | |
| medial n. (Me) | (−)/(−) | −/− | +/+ | 0/(−) | (−)/− | −/(−) | |
| cortical (Aco, PMCo) | +/+ | −/− | +/+ | (−)/(−) | (−)/− | (+)/(+) | |
| Amygdaloid-piriform trans. (APir), amygdaloid- hippoc. trans. (AHi) | +/+ | −/− | +/+ | +/(+) | (−)/− | (+)/(+) | |
| Endopiriform n., dorsal (DEn) | −/− | +/+ | 0/(−) | (−)/(−) | (+)/+ | ||
| Hippocampus, dorsal (d-HPC) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | −/− | +/+ | (−)/(−) |
| Hippocampus, ventral (v-HPC) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | (+)/0 | +/+ | |
| Hypothalamus, ventromed. (VMH) | (−)/(−) | −/− | −/− | ||||
| Nucleus Accumbens (Acb) | (−)/− | −/− | (+)/(+) | (+)/(+) | |||
| Periaqueductal gray, lateral (LPAG) | −/− | −/− | −/− | 0/(+) | (+)/(+) | ||
| Raphe, median, paramedian (MnR, PMnR) | – | (−) | + | + | (−) | ||
| Septum, medial (MS) | (+) | + | + | + | + | – | (−) |
| lateral (LS) | (+)/(+) | +/+ | (+)/(+) | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | (+)/(+) |
| Striatum, ventromedial/ventrolateral (v-CPu) | −/− | −/− | −/− | (+)/0 | +/+ | (+)/(+) | |
| Subiculum, dorsal (DS) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | ||||
| post (Post) | (+)/(+) | −/(−) | +/+ | −/− | (+)/(+) | +/+ | |
| ventral (VS) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | 0/(+) | (−)/− | +/+ | |
| Tegmental n., dorsal, laterodorsal (DTg, LDTg) | +/+ | +/+ | (−)/(−) | (−)/(−) | |||
| Ventral pallidum (VP) | −/− | −/− | (+)/(+) | (+)/(+) | +/+ | ||
| SUBCORTEX- OTHER | |||||||
| Colliculus, inferior (IC) | −/− | −/− | (−)/0 | +/+ | (+)/(+) | 0/+ | |
| Cuneiform n. (Cn) | 0/− | −/− | +/(+) | ||||
| Gigantocellular n. (GPi) | (−)/(−) | (−)/(−) | (−)/(−) | +/+ | +/+ | ||
| Interpeduncular n. (IP) | – | – | – | + | + | (−) | (−) |
| Parvocellular reticular n. (PCRt) | −/− | −/− | +/+ | ||||
| Pons (Pn) | (−)/(−) | −/(−) | (−)/(−) | (+)/(+) | (+)/(+) | (−)/0 | |
| Reticular formation, mesencephalic (mRt, Cn) | −/− | −/− | −/− | (+)/0 | (+)/(+) | ||
| Tenia tecta, navicular n. (TT/Nv) | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | |||
| Vestibular n. (Ve) | −/− | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | (+)/(+) | ||
Data are for rats with bilateral striatal lesions, sham lesions, during treadmill walking or at rest, and with or without a prior history of exercise training (Groups: Lesion/Walk/No-ET, n = 9; Sham/Walk/No-ET, n = 10; Lesion/Rest/No-ET, n = 10; Sham/Rest/No-ET, n = 9; Lesion/Walk/ET, n = 11; Lesion/Rest/ET, n = 12). Significance for all entries is shown at the voxel level (P<0.05) with a minimum extent threshold of 100 contiguous voxels. ‘a’ denotes ‘anterior’ and ‘p’ denotes ‘posterior’. ‘+’ denotes increases and ‘−’ denotes decreases in the group differences in cerebral blood flow tracer distribution in the left/right hemispheres, with symbols in parentheses denoting changes less broadly represented.