FIG. 1.

AdMSCs derived from diabetic patients display reduced and serum-independent fibrinolytic activity. Expression analysis of tPA and PAI-1 I shown in AdMSCs isolated from AdMSCs, AdMSC-D, and AdMSC-ND and cultured in the presence of GS (control), hBS, hBS-D, and hBS-ND. Detection of tPA mRNA expression (A). tPA protein release shows that the blood sera, independent of its origin, inhibited tPA expression in AdMSC-D (B). PAI-1 mRNA expression (C). D: PAI-1 protein release. Note that AdMSC-D secreted the highest quantity of PAI-1. Relative mRNA expression indicates the ratio between specific gene and housekeeping genes. Values are normalized to the expression in no stimulated AdMSCs, which was arbitrarily set as 1. E: Hematoxylin and eosin staining shows AdMSCs-mediated lysis of the fibrin gel. The cell is surrounded by a clearing zone, except for AdMSC-D, which displays hampered capacity to degrade fibrin gel independently of human blood serum used. Scale bars: 50 µm. F: Free cell/area quantification from hematoxylin-eosin staining of arbitrary images. G: In quantification of d-dimer production of AdMSCs cultured in fibrin clot, AdMSC-D displayed blunted capacity to generate d-dimers independently of serum used. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM (n = 4). Statistical significance: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 for AdMSC-D compared with AdMSC-ND.