Alignment of the γ subunit of ATP synthase from various organisms. The N-terminal α-helix is shaded in yellow, and the C-terminal α-helix in orange. The insertion region observed only in photosynthetic organisms is shaded in green. The colorless region is mainly the globular domain. Two cysteines for redox regulation are labeled with red stars. E_COLI, Eschericia coli; PS3, thermophilic Bacillus PS3; BOVINE_MT, mitochondria from Bos taurus; SYN6803, cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803; ANA7120, cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC7120; T_ELONGATUS, cyanobacteria T. elongatus; ARA_ATPC1, Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast type 1; ARA_ATPC2, A. thaliana chloroplast type 2; SPI_OL, chloroplast form Spinacia oleracea.