Table 1.

Diseases Caused by Trypanosomatids of Human Medical Importance

Trypanosomatid	Disease	Vector	People at risk (millions)	Prevalence (millions)	Available chemotherapy
Leishmania spp.	cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis	phlebotomine sand fly	350	12	amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, sodium stibogluconate, meglumine antimoniate
Trypanosoma cruzi	Chagas’ disease	triatomine	100	10	nifurtimox, benznidazole
Trypanosoma brucei	human sleeping sickness	tsetse fly	70	0,03*	pentamidine, suramine, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox

^*Although 30,000 cases are reported annually, WHO estimates that about 300,000 infected individuals remain ignored in the field, due to difficulties in diagnosis and remoteness of affected areas.