Fig 1.

Survival after shock and stress treatments. (A) Survival of S. Typhimurium after cold (5°C), peroxide (1 mM H₂O₂), osmotic (5% NaCl), and acid (pH 5.3) shock (0.5 h) and stress (5 h) treatments. *, significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to no shock and no stress. (B) Survival of S. Typhimurium after preadaptation to cold (5°C), peroxide (1 mM H₂O₂), osmotic (5% NaCl), and acid (pH 5.3) shock (0.5 h) and stress (5 h) treatments, followed by exposure to acid stress (pH 4.0, 90 min). *, significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to no shock/acid (pH 4.0, 90 min) and no stress/acid (pH 4.0, 90 min). (C) Survival after cold stress (5°C, 5 h) alone and after preadaptation to cold stress (5°C, 5 h) followed by exposure to acid stress (pH 4.0, 90 min). *, significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to no stress. (D) Survival of S. Typhimurium during cold stress (5°C) and no stress (37°C) for 336 h. (Inset) Growth between 0 h and 8 h. *, significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to no stress.