Table 6.
Parameter | Value (least-square mean) with: |
Pooled SEM |
P value |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wheat-barley diet |
Corn diet |
Cereal | CaP | Cereal × CaP | ||||
Adequate CaP | High CaP | Adequate CaP | High CaP | |||||
Metabolite concn (μmol/g digesta) | ||||||||
Stomach | ||||||||
Total lactate | 22.6 | 20.7 | 23.6 | 18.5 | 6.09 | 0.92 | 0.57 | 0.79 |
d-Lactate | 12.9 | 12.8 | 14.6 | 11.5 | 4.19 | 0.97 | 0.71 | 0.73 |
l-Lactate | 9.7 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 2.17 | 0.72 | 0.39 | 0.95 |
Total SCFA | 4.2 | 16.5 | 14.1 | 8.4 | 4.23 | 0.83 | 0.44 | 0.04 |
Acetate | 3.1 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 5.1 | 2.05 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 0.04 |
Propionate | 0.4 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 1.40 | 0.66 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
Butyrate | 0.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.79 | 0.63 | 0.87 | 0.06 |
Isobutyrate | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 0.07 |
Valerate | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.20 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.06 |
Isovalerate | <0.01 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.58 | 0.58 | <0.001 |
Caproate | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.23 |
Ileum | ||||||||
Total lactate | 19.7 | 22.4 | 46.8 | 39.9 | 12.64 | 0.10 | 0.86 | 0.72 |
d-Lactate | 6.2 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 3.36 | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.81 |
l-Lactate | 13.5 | 18.5 | 40.7 | 34.4 | 11.78 | 0.09 | 0.96 | 0.65 |
Total SCFA | 13.5 | 14.0 | 7.2 | 16.6 | 3.09 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
Acetate | 10.1 | 11.8 | 5.3 | 12.9 | 2.93 | 0.54 | 0.1 | 0.33 |
Propionate | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.38 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.07 |
Butyrate | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.19 | 0.78 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
Isobutyrate | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.83 | 0.16 |
Valerate | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.84 | 0.19 |
Isovalerate | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.11 |
Caproate | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.69 | 0.04 |
Colon | ||||||||
Total lactate | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.21 |
d-Lactate | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.16 |
l-Lactate | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.28 |
Total SCFA | 130.6 | 140.5 | 139.1 | 130.5 | 8.89 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.31 |
Acetate | 65.6 | 72.5 | 73.2 | 71.6 | 4.62 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 0.37 |
Propionate | 38.1 | 37.9 | 40.1 | 36.2 | 3.00 | 0.96 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
Butyrate | 19.5 | 18.6 | 19.6 | 17.0 | 1.52 | 0.62 | 0.26 | 0.60 |
Isobutyrate | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.31 |
Valerate | 4.3 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 0.61 | 0.80 | 0.26 | 0.83 |
Isovalerate | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.85 | 0.25 |
Caproate | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.11 | 0.93 | 0.003 | 0.45 |
Serum LPS (EU/ml) | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.40 |
LPS in colonic digesta (EU/g)b | 3.72E+06 | 2.45E+06 | 1.74E+06 | 3.31E+06 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.71 | 0.07 |
LPS in feces (EU/g)b | 1.05E+06 | 7.94E+05 | 1.02E+06 | 1.07E+06 | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 0.46 |
For stomach, colon, and feces, n = 8 pigs/treatment, except for wheat-barley diet with high CaP level (n = 7 pigs). For ileum, n = 7 pigs for wheat-barley with adequate CaP level, n = 7 pigs for wheat-barley diet with high CaP level, n = 5 pigs for corn diet with adequate CaP level, and n = 8 pigs for corn diet with high CaP level. EU, endotoxin units.
The lipopolysaccharide concentration in feces was lower than that in colonic digesta (colon, 2.69E+06 EU/ml; feces, 9.77E+05; SEM = 0.06; P < 0.001).