Table 6.

Concentrations of fermentation metabolites in the stomach, ileum, and colon and of LPS in sera, colonic digesta, and feces of weaned pigs fed cereal diets with different CaP levels^a

Parameter	Value (least-square mean) with:				Pooled SEM	P value
	Wheat-barley diet		Corn diet			Cereal	CaP	Cereal × CaP
	Adequate CaP	High CaP	Adequate CaP	High CaP
Metabolite concn (μmol/g digesta)
Stomach
Total lactate	22.6	20.7	23.6	18.5	6.09	0.92	0.57	0.79
d-Lactate	12.9	12.8	14.6	11.5	4.19	0.97	0.71	0.73
l-Lactate	9.7	9.0	7.9	7.0	2.17	0.72	0.39	0.95
Total SCFA	4.2	16.5	14.1	8.4	4.23	0.83	0.44	0.04
Acetate	3.1	9.7	7.7	5.1	2.05	0.99	0.34	0.04
Propionate	0.4	3.9	3.2	2.4	1.40	0.66	0.33	0.13
Butyrate	0.2	1.7	2.2	0.5	0.79	0.63	0.87	0.06
Isobutyrate	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.05	0.57	0.35	0.07
Valerate	0.01	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.20	0.94	0.80	0.06
Isovalerate	<0.01	0.1	0.1	<0.01	0.02	0.58	0.58	<0.001
Caproate	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.39	0.23
Ileum
Total lactate	19.7	22.4	46.8	39.9	12.64	0.10	0.86	0.72
d-Lactate	6.2	3.9	6.1	5.5	3.36	0.82	0.66	0.81
l-Lactate	13.5	18.5	40.7	34.4	11.78	0.09	0.96	0.65
Total SCFA	13.5	14.0	7.2	16.6	3.09	0.56	0.13	0.18
Acetate	10.1	11.8	5.3	12.9	2.93	0.54	0.1	0.33
Propionate	1.6	0.9	0.9	1.7	0.38	0.82	0.87	0.07
Butyrate	0.8	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.19	0.78	0.14	0.15
Isobutyrate	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.06	0.23	0.83	0.16
Valerate	0.1	0.03	0.1	0.2	0.05	0.48	0.84	0.19
Isovalerate	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.04	0.69	0.58	0.11
Caproate	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.06	0.96	0.69	0.04
Colon
Total lactate	0.4	1.9	0.6	0.3	0.69	0.35	0.39	0.21
d-Lactate	0.2	1.0	0.3	0.2	0.34	0.31	0.32	0.16
l-Lactate	0.2	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.35	0.39	0.47	0.28
Total SCFA	130.6	140.5	139.1	130.5	8.89	0.93	0.94	0.31
Acetate	65.6	72.5	73.2	71.6	4.62	0.48	0.57	0.37
Propionate	38.1	37.9	40.1	36.2	3.00	0.96	0.50	0.54
Butyrate	19.5	18.6	19.6	17.0	1.52	0.62	0.26	0.60
Isobutyrate	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.14	0.15	0.88	0.31
Valerate	4.3	3.5	4.0	3.5	0.61	0.80	0.26	0.83
Isovalerate	1.2	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.16	0.11	0.85	0.25
Caproate	0.6	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.11	0.93	0.003	0.45
Serum LPS (EU/ml)	0.08	0.31	0.21	0.23	0.31	0.63	0.32	0.40
LPS in colonic digesta (EU/g)b	3.72E+06	2.45E+06	1.74E+06	3.31E+06	0.12	0.42	0.71	0.07
LPS in feces (EU/g)b	1.05E+06	7.94E+05	1.02E+06	1.07E+06	0.10	0.55	0.61	0.46

^aFor stomach, colon, and feces, n = 8 pigs/treatment, except for wheat-barley diet with high CaP level (n = 7 pigs). For ileum, n = 7 pigs for wheat-barley with adequate CaP level, n = 7 pigs for wheat-barley diet with high CaP level, n = 5 pigs for corn diet with adequate CaP level, and n = 8 pigs for corn diet with high CaP level. EU, endotoxin units.

^bThe lipopolysaccharide concentration in feces was lower than that in colonic digesta (colon, 2.69E+06 EU/ml; feces, 9.77E+05; SEM = 0.06; P < 0.001).