Table 4.

Prevalence ratio for stiffest carotid distensibility quartile by baseline resting heart rate quintile

HR Quintile	1	2	3	4	5	p for trend
Unadjusted	Reference	1.04 (0.90–1.21)	1.12 (0.97–1.29)	1.25 (1.09–1.44)	1.67 (1.46–1.90)	<0.001
Model 1	Reference	1.08 (0.95–1.24)	1.18 (1.03–1.34)	1.25 (1.10–1.42)	1.45 (1.29–1.64)	<0.001
Model 2	Reference	1.18 (1.04–1.33)	1.24 (1.10–1.40)	1.33 (1.17–1.51)	1.44 (1.27–1.62)	<0.001
Model 3	Reference	1.19 (1.05–1.35)	1.26 (1.11–1.42)	1.36 (1.19–1.54)	1.47 (1.29–1.66)	<0.001

Model 1 – age, gender, ethnicity

Model 2 – Model 1 + BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, pulse pressure, anti-hypertensive use, smoking, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, lipid-lowering use, hsCRP, family history of CHD, household income, educational attainment, heavy alcohol use

Model 3 – Model 2 + physical activity level, AV nodal blocker use