Table 5.
Potential pollinators of Iberian species of Linaria sect. Versicolores, recorded after 4618 min of observations in 2009, 2010 and 2011
| Taxon | Pollinators |
|---|---|
| Subsect. Versicolores | |
| L. algarviana (I) | Hymenoptera: Ceratina saundersi (S) + |
| Coleoptera: Attagenus sp. (S) | |
| L. clementei (II) | Hymenoptera: Amegilla quadrifasciata (T), Rhodanthidium sticticum (T), Bombus ruderatus (T), Xylocopa sp. (T), Heliophila bimaculata (T) −, Ceratina mocsaryi (S) – |
| Diptera: Dischistus separatus (P) | |
| Lepidoptera (P) | |
| L. gharbensis (I) | Hymenoptera: Anthophora plumipes (T) + |
| L. incarnata (III) | Diptera: Systoechus gradatus (P), Amictus variegatus (P) |
| Lepidoptera: Thymelicus spp. (P) | |
| Hymenoptera: Lasioglossum sp. (S), Ceratina sp. (S) − | |
| L. onubensis (III) | Hymenoptera: Eucera nigrilabris (P) + |
| L. pedunculata (I) | Not seen (autogamous species) |
| L. salzmannii (I) | Hymenoptera: Heliophila bimaculata (T) +, Rhodanthidium sticticum (T), Lasioglossum sp. (S), Hoplitis sp. (S) − |
| L. spartea (I) | Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera (T), Heliophila bimaculata (T), Ceratina cucurbitina (S) −, Lasioglossum sp. (S) − |
| Lepidoptera: Euchloe crameri (P) − | |
| L. viscosa subsp. viscosa (I) | Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera (T) +, Hoplitis sp. (T), Xylocopa uclesiensis (T) −, Heliophila bimaculata (T) −, Lasioglossum sp. (S) − |
| Lepidoptera: Euchloe crameri (P) − | |
| L. viscosa subsp. spicata (I) | Hymenoptera: Rhodanthidium sticticum (T) +, Osmia andrenoides (T) |
| Subsect. Elegantes | |
| L. elegans (III) | Lepidoptera: Macroglossum stellatarum (P) +, Lasiommata megera (P) − |
| Hymenoptera: Anthophora retusa (P) − | |
| Diptera: Bombylius major (P) − | |
| L. nigricans (III) | Hymenoptera: Eucera nigrilabris (P) +, Apis mellifera (P) |
| Lepidoptera: Colias croceus (P) −, Pontia daplidice (P) − |
Observed strategies of pollen placement on insect body are coded as follows: (T) pollen placed on the back of the thorax; (P) pollen placed on the proboscis; (S) small insects with variable pollen placement. +, >50 % of flower visits; −, <5 % of flower visits. Morphological types are indicated in brackets after taxon names.