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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 23.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2012 Sep 29;380(9848):10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61455-X. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61455-X

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The impact of aging on brain structure and cognition. C) Accumulation of tau protein38 (stained with AT8) in the temporal pole (C1) hippocampus (C2) as well as inflammatory changes37 (stained with GFAP, C3 and HLA-DR, C4) in the hippocampus of patients with TLE. D) These age-related changes might increase epilepsy induced cognitive changes39 and brain atrophy130, in which patients start and persist at a lower cognitive level and brain volume than healthy controls. Cognitive reserve is a potential mediator of these age-related changes. Abbreviations: TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy; CONTR, controls; AT8, anti-phosphorylated tau antibody; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; HLA, antihuman leucocyte antigen. Part A modified with permission from National Academy of Science, USA; Parts B, C, D1 modified with permission from Oxford University Press; Part D2 modified with permission from Wiley-Blackwell.