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. 2013 Nov 14;170(7):1396–1409. doi: 10.1111/bph.12346

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Increased PDE5 expression in left ventricular samples from patients with heart failure (HF) is correlated with increased ventricular ER stress markers. Several ER stress markers, including phosphorylated PERK (P-PERK), GRP78, XBP1s and CHOP, were measured. (A, B) ER stress was increased in failing hearts from heart transplant recipients compared with normal hearts. DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy. (C, D) Left ventricular ANP, PDE5, P-PERK, GRP78, XBP1s and CHOP were increased in hearts of patients with heart failure undergoing mitral valve replacement and (E) the increase in ventricular PDE5 was significantly correlated with the increase in ventricular P-PERK, GRP78, XBP1s and CHOP. p1–p6, heart samples of six patients undergoing mitral valve replacement; N1 and N2, normal human hearts. *P < 0.05 versus normal hearts.