Table 1.
Baseline characteristics* of all participants with baseline heart rate recovery (HRR) ≥22 bpm, stratified by incident slow HRR in 2005–2006
| HRR in 2005–2006 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| N | Total 2730 |
HRR (< 22 bpm) | HRR ≥22 bpm | P |
|
| ||||
| 135 (5%) | 2595 (95%) | |||
| Age | 25.1 (3.6) | 25.6 (3.7) | 25.0 (3.6) | 0.06 |
| Sex (% female) | 56.0 | 71.1 | 55.2 | <0.01 |
| Race (% black) | 44.4 | 63.7 | 43.4 | <0.01 |
| Education (years) | 14.1 (2.2) | 13.0 (2.0) | 14.2 (2.2) | <0.01 |
| % < High School | 6.3 | 13.3 | 6.0 | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 76.9 (10.5) | 83.6 (14.0) | 76.5 (10.1) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (4.4) | 27.9 (6.9) | 23.9 (4.2) | <0.01 |
| Normal weight (%) | 68.1 | 38.5 | 69.6 | <0.01 |
| Overweight (%) | 23.1 | 30.4 | 22.8 | |
| Obese (%) | 8.8 | 31.1 | 7.7 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.6 (10.6) | 111.2 (11.9) | 109.5 (10.5) | 0.11 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68.2 (9.3) | 69.5 (11.1) | 68.2 (9.2) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1.9 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 0.04 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.55 (0.58) | 4.70 (1.03) | 4.53 (0.55) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.07 |
| Metabolic Syndrome (%)† | 1.8 | 6.7 | 1.5 | <0.01 |
| CES-D score‡ | 10.6 (7.9) | 13.0 (8.4) | 10.5 (7.9) | <0.01 |
| CES-D ≥16 (%) | 21.7 | 33.9 | 21.1 | <0.01 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Current | 24.8 | 38.1 | 24.1 | <0.01 |
| Former | 13.7 | 13.4 | 13.8 | |
| Never | 61.5 | 48.5 | 62.2 | |
| Physical activity (exercise units) | 427.5 (299.3) | 350.5 (238.3) | 431.5 (301.6) | <0.01 |
| Treadmill test duration (minutes) | 10.1 (2.8) | 8.1 (2.7) | 10.2 (2.7) | <0.01 |
| Pre-test heart rate (bpm) | 77.6 (14.2) | 79.2 (13.2) | 77.5 (14.2) | 0.19 |
| Peak heart rate (bpm) | 180.3 (14.8) | 173.3 (14.3) | 180.6 (14.7) | <0.01 |
| Heart rate increase (pre test to maximum) (bpm) | 102.7 (18.3) | 94.2 (15.7) | 103.2 (18.3) | <0.01 |
| Age predicted maximum heart rate | 161.9 (2.1) | 161.6 (2.2) | 161.9 (2.1) | 0.06 |
| Completed maximum exercise test (%)§ | 90.1 | 83.0 | 90.4 | <0.01 |
Mean and SD unless otherwise noted
Defined in participants who had three or more of the following: fasting glucose ≥ 5.7 mmol/L; 2) waist circumference > 88 centimeters (women) or > 102 cm (men); 3) SBP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic DBP ≥ 85 mmHg; 4) triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; 5) HDL-cholesterol < 1.3 mmol/L in women or < 1.04 mmol/L in men. Participants who reported using medications for diabetes or hypertension control were classified as having met the criterion for elevated glucose or blood pressure, respectively.
CES-D score from 1990–1991
Maximum exercise test determined if participants exercised to at least 85% of their age-predicted maximum according to the Tanaka formula = 208 – (0.7*age)