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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2013 May 21;62(9):10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.004. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.004

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Insulin signaling pathway protein analysis in mouse livers. Liver lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes; insulin signaling proteins were detected with corresponding antibodies indicated in the legend. Results were normalized by β-actin, and Akt1 p and Akt 2 p were normalized by Akt1 and Akt2, respectively. SCO significantly increased hepatic IRS-2 and decreased PTP 1B protein abundance. SCO increased phosphorylation of IR beta, Akt 1 and Akt2 in basal and insulin stimulated conditions in comparison with HFD mice. SCO also significantly increased IRS-1 phosphorylation while SANT only significantly increased Akt 1 phosphorylation under insulin stimulation. Data were represented as fold change of HFD, mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001, SANT or SCO vs. HFD. # P < 0.05, SCO vs. SANT respectively.