Table 3.

Prevalence ratios for aTRH^* associated with number of unhealthy lifestyle risk factors ^†

	Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Number of unhealthy lifestyle factors	Model 1‡	Model 2§
0	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
1	0.97 (0.86 – 1.09)	0.96 (0.85 – 1.08)
2	1.03 (0.92 – 1.16)	1.02 (0.90 – 1.15)
3	1.02 (0.89 – 1.18)	1.01 (0.88 – 1.17)
≥ 4	1.11 (0.93 – 1.32)	1.07 (0.89 – 1.28)

^*aTRH was defined as having uncontrolled hypertension despite the use of antihypertensive medications from three or more classes or the use of four or more antihypertensive medication classes to achieve blood pressure control.

^†Lifestyle factors include obesity, physical inactivity, current smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, a low DASH diet score, and a high Na/K intake.

^‡Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, and geographic region of residence.

^§Model 2 adjusted for covariables in Model 1 + education level (less than high school education), annual household income (<$20,000), elevated depressive symptoms, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min/1.73 m²), albuminuria (≥ 30 mg/g), diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of coronary heart disease, and total caloric intake.

See Table 2 for abbreviations.