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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2013 Sep 26;73(22):10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4692. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4692

Fig. 8. Proposed model of CD11b+Gr1+ cell activation within the bone marrow of prostate tumor hosts via PTHrP.

Fig. 8

Prostate tumor-derived PTHrP circulates to stimulate VEGF-A and IL-6 expression by osteoblasts, leading to SFK phosphorylation of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs. Activation of SFK confers angiogenic potential of MDSCs via increased MMP-9 expression, contributing to prostate cancer growth and angiogenesis.