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. 2013 Nov 25;7:803. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00803

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Copyright © 2013 Zanon, Battaglini, Jarmolowska, Pizzolato and Busan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean neural activity in discrete time windows of interest. Principal sLORETA results obtained when considering the mean of neural activity in discrete time windows and analysis performed with t-statistic (A) and log of F-ratio (B,C). Statistics have been performed comparing the real TMS minus the sham conditions. Images are plotted with respect to the time windows identified in a butterfly plot of the evoked potentials obtained from the real TMS condition. (A) Mean results obtained in the 70–130 ms time window with t-statistic. Activation with the maximal peak in the right lingual gyrus (BA 17) is shown. (B) Mean results obtained in the 70–130 ms time window with log of F-ratio. Activation with the maximal peak in the left medial frontal gyrus (BA 10) is shown. (C) Mean results obtained in the 130–213 ms time window with log of F-ratio. Activation with the maximal peak in the right superior frontal gyrus (BA 6) is shown. The mean intensity of the signal in the source space in the time window of interest is also shown. Averaged real TMS signal for a specific peak (corresponding to a specific voxel) is indicated by a blue bar (standard deviations are also indicated). Averaged sham signal for the same peak (and voxel) is indicated by a red bar (standard deviations are also indicated). It is very important to note that the intensity of the signal in the source space has, here, the form of an F-statistic, since sLORETA perform the standardized estimate of the cortical current density, expressed as a statistical value (F-distribution value; Pascual-Marqui, 2002). It has negative values in panels (B) and (C) because they represent the logarithmic transformation of mean source activation estimates. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between conditions.