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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 Aug 12;111(5):10.1016/j.anai.2013.07.022. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.07.022

Table 1.

Performance of various asthma ascertainment methods

Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV F1 score Agreement κ
ICD-9 codes 30.8% 93.2% 57.1% 82.2% 40.0% 79.1% 0.287
NLP system (logic) 80.8% 95.3% 84.0% 94.3% 82.4% 92.0% 0.772
NLP system (ML) 84.6% 96.5% 88.0% 95.4% 86.3% 93.8% 0.822

Abbreviations: ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; ML, machine learning; NLP, natural language processing; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.