Table 1.
Time weighted average (TWA) real time PM2.5 and CO measurements from intervention and control households
| Type of Household |
Stove Type | Sampling Duration (hrs) |
Adjustedc Personal PM2.5 (µg/m3) | Personal CO (ppm) | Kitchen CO (ppm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) | Median | Range | Mean (95% CI) | Median | Range | Mean (95% CI) | Median | Range | |||
| Optima FL-Ia | 6.7 | 315.3 (250.8, 379.8) | 10.8 | 0 – 14840 | 2.5 (2.2, 2.8) | 0.5 | 0 – 56.0 | 10.1 (9.1, 11.1) | 5.0 | 0 – 179.0 | |
| Optima FL-I | 13.1 | 63.1 (52.3, 115.4) | 5.4 | 0 – 4198.8 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.6) | 0 | 0 – 15.0 | 1.9 (1.7, 3.6) | 0 | 0 – 50.0 | |
| Optima FL-I | 11.0 | 175.8 (147.6, 323.4) | 12.3 | 1.5 – 7188.7 | 1.2 (1.0, 2.2) | 0 | 0 – 19.0 | 4.5 (4.1, 8.6) | 1.0 | 0 – 126.0 | |
| Optima FL-I | 10.3 | 7.6 (7.2, 8.0) | 6.2 | 3.1 – 132.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 – 2.0 | |
| Intervention | Optima FL-I | 11.1 | 19.7 (16.6, 22.8) | 5.4 | 0 – 1096.5 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0 | 0 – 10.0 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0 | 0 – 12.0 |
| Optima FL-I | 2.8 | 1911.4 (1624.3, 2198.5) | 653.7 | 3.1 – 6545.0 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0 | 0 – 16 | - | - | - | |
| Optima FL-II | 8.1 | 15.5 (11.4, 19.7) | 1.5 | 0 – 793.1 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0 | 0 – 22.0 | 2.9 (2.6, 3.2) | 2.0 | 0 – 63.0 | |
| Optima FL-II | 11.3 | 303.2 (254.5, 557.7) | 9.2 | 3.1 – 9389.4 | 1.7 (1.5, 3.2) | 0 | 0 – 55.0 | 3.7 (3.4, 7.2) | 1.0 | 0 – 60.0 | |
| Optima FL-II | 9.0 | 3562.7 (3263.1, 3862.2) | 1.6 | 0 – 15400 | 31.9 (29.2, 34.6) | 13.0 | 0 – 257.0 | 74.9 (69.2, 80.7) | 40.0 | 0 – 812.0 | |
| Built by NGOb | 10.3 | 75.3 (62.5, 88.2) | 9.2 | 0 – 2067.5 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0 | 0 – 6.0 | - | - | - | |
| Built by NGO | 12.4 | 526.1 (458.9, 593.2) | 27.0 | 0 – 11665.5 | 5.0 (4.7, 5.4) | 3.0 | 0 – 55.0 | 20.9 (19.0, 22.8) | 10.0 | 0 – 383.0 | |
| Built by NGO | 9.4 | 83.7 (62.9, 104.5) | 0.8 | 0 – 4118.0 | 2.0 (1.7, 2.2) | 0 | 0 – 35.0 | 4.1 (3.8, 4.2) | 3.0 | 0 – 60.0 | |
| Built by NGO | 9.5 | 9.7 (8.4, 11.0) | 2.7 | 0 – 360.4 | 2.9 (2.5, 3.3) | 0 | 0 – 61.0 | 5.3 (4.7, 5.9) | 0 | 0 – 104.0 | |
| Control | Improved by household | 11.2 | 92.2 (74.5, 109.8) | 13.1 | 1.5 – 8130.0 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) | 0 | 0 – 10.0 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | 0 | 0 – 16.0 |
| Traditional | 9.1 | 324.9 (252.6, 397.2) | 30.0 | 5.4 – 12657.3 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 0 | 0 – 27.0 | - | - | - | |
| Traditional | 11.1 | 2365.9 (2165.6, 2566.2) | 252.2 | 0 – 15400 | 11.3 (10.6, 12.1) | 5.0 | 0 – 67.0 | 29.8 (28.5, 31.1) | 24.0 | 0 – 148.0 | |
| Traditional | 9.2 | 15.4 (14.3, 16.6) | 14.6 | 0 – 515.9 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 – 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Traditional | 10.9 | 415.3 (363.5, 467.1) | 98.2 | 2.3 – 11133.4 | 4.9 (4.2, 5.6) | 2.0 | 0 – 210.0 | 4.9 (4.2, 5.6) | 1.0 | 0 – 267.0 | |
| Traditional | 10.5 | 60.0 (41.8, 78.1) | 7.7 | 0 – 5664.9 | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0 | 0 – 15.0 | 2.9 (2.6, 3.1) | 2.0 | 0 – 40.0 | |
Functionality level (FL) I refers to a stove in good conditions, level II refers to a stove in need of minor repairs (re-plastering) or major repairs (e.g. chimney valve
NGO: three main NGOs had improved stoves; JUNTOS-National cash transfer program. Part of the requirements is that families must build an improved stove with a chimney; SEMBRANDO & ADIAR are NGOs that work in nearby communities.
Sidepak PM2.5 measurements adjusted with a correction factor of 0.77 according to measurements by Jiang et al (2011)
- denotes unavailable data
Mean here denotes the time weighted average (TWA) of the real time measurements for the respective sampling durations