Table 2. Association of epicardial/thoracic fat with MACE in prospective registries of asymptomatic patients undergoing Coronary Calcium Scoring.

N	Outcome variable	Fat measure from CT	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Framingham (8)*, 1,267 patients	Coronary Heart Disease (Myocardial infarction, angina, coronary insufficiency)	Epicardial fat volume	1.92 (1.23-3.02), over visceral fat
	Myocardial infarction	Epicardial fat volume	1.37 (1.03-1.82), over visceral fat
	Stroke	Visceral fat	1.83 (1.01-3.30), EFV not significant
EISNER (7)*, Matched study 232 patients (from registry of 2,751 patients)	MACE (Cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, late revascularization)	Epicardial fat volume	1.74 (1.03-2.95), over Framingham Risk Score and CCS
		Thoracic fat volume	1.78 (1.01-3.14), over Framingham Risk Score and CCS
MESA (9), Matched study 998 patients (from registry of 6,814 patients)	Coronary Heart Disease (Cardiac death, myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, angina)	Thoracic fat volume slab (4.5 cm-thick about Left Main Origin). Adjusted for gender, risk factors and CRP	OR 1.26 (1.01-1.59), over BMI and waist circumference

*: Extra-pericardial thoracic fat volume did not show significant relationship to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting a local effect.