Skip to main content
. 2012 Dec;2(4):298–307. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.10.07

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Molecular sources of oxidative stress and the potential antioxidant interventions for the management of atrial fibrillation. BH4, tetrahydrobrobiopterin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NOXs, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases; XO, xanthine oxidase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species