In duplicate wells of the 96-well filter plate 25 µl of plasma was incubated with 25 µl of cytokine coupled beads for overnight at 4°C followed by washing and staining with biotynylated detection antibody. The plates were read on Biorad 200 using Luminex technology and the results are expressed as pg/ml concentration of (A) IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6; (B) IL-10, MCP-1, IL-2, and IL-4. The minimum detectable concentrations in pg/ml for IL-2 (0.7), IL-4 (2.7), IL-6 (0.3), IL-10 (6.2), IL-12(P40) (1.2), IFN-γ (2.2), and TNF-α (2.1) are used for considering positive responses. See methods section for experimental details. The results shown are average of two separate experiments and the standard deviation values did not exceed 15% of the mean value. P values were considered at p<0.05.