Table 2. Environmental variables and PERMANOVA results.
| Non-upwelling (mean ± SD) | Upwelling (mean ± SD) | Sites | Seasons | |||||
| exp | she | exp | she | Pseudo-F | p | Pseudo-F | p | |
| Temperature (°C) | 28.5±1.1 | 28.4±1.1 | 25.0±1.7 | 25.0±1.7 | 0.000 | 0.994 | 79.157 | 0.001** |
| Degree-heating days | 44 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0.153 | 0.694 | 10.639 | 0.001** |
| Salinity | 35.29±1.53 | 35.29±1.61 | 37.07±0.94 | 37.03±0.86 | 0.002 | 0.958 | 24.791 | 0.001** |
| Water currents (DF) | 13.16±7.66 | 7.81±4.08 | 17.03±6.93 | 9.93±3.94 | 5.926 | 0.024* | 1.359 | 0.275 |
| Nitrate (µmol L−1) | 0.15±0.15 | 0.31±0.19 | 1.20±1.03 | 1.16±1.12 | 0.022 | 0.899 | 19.393 | 0.001** |
| Nitrite (µmol L−1) | 0.06±0.04 | 0.09±0.06 | 0.14±0.08 | 0.14±0.06 | 0.051 | 0.814 | 2.107 | 0.147 |
| SRP (µmol L−1) | 0.16±0.14 | 0.15±0.07 | 0.14±0.13 | 0.14±0.12 | 0.077 | 0.774 | 0.005 | 0.940 |
| Chlorophyll a (µg L−1) | 0.74±0.28 | 0.87±0.58 | 2.25±1.59 | 1.02±0.80 | 3.314 | 0.069 | 8.574 | 0.004** |
| Water clarity (m) | 11.6±2.1 | 12.7±2.9 | 8.5±1.7 | 11.1±1.9 | 6.278 | 0.015* | 4.274 | 0.044* |
Environmental variables are displayed as mean ± SD. Levels of significance for differences between sites (exposed vs. sheltered) and seasons (upwelling vs. non-upwelling) are indicated by asterisks with * for significant (p<0.05) and ** for very significant (p<0.01). Abbreviations: exposed site (exp), sheltered site (she), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and diffusion factor index (DF).