Odds ratio for association with HIVAN, FSGS, and hypertension-attributed kidney disease in African Americans are 29, 17, and 7.3, respectively Association reported in severe lupus nephritis and sickle cell nephropathy APOL1 alleles explain higher rates of non-diabetic kidney disease in African Americans relative to European Americans APOL1 alleles likely explain poorer allograft survival after transplantation of deceased donor kidneys from African ancestry donors, relative to donors of European ancestry Weaker association with mild kidney disease supports APOL1 as a progression factor

Abbreviations: HIVAN, human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.