Table 3. Univariate odds ratios (95% CI) of having undiagnosed compared to diagnosed type 2 diabetes.1 .
| Feature | Undiagnosed diabetes | Diagnosed diabetes | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
| N = 72 (41.4%) | N = 102 (58.6%) | |||
| Health conditions | ||||
| Female | 29 (40.3) | 33 (32.4) | 1 | |
| Male | 43 (59.7) | 69 (67.6) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.3) |
| Age <60 years | 34 (47.2) | 37 (36.3) | 1 | |
| Age≥60 years | 38 (52.8) | 65 (63.7) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.2) |
| Not on Rx for hypertension | 40 (55.6) | 36 (35.3) | 1 | |
| On Rx for hypertension | 32 (44.4) | 66 (64.7) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.8) |
| Not on Rx for cholesterol | 37 (51.4) | 35 (34.3) | 1 | |
| On Rx for cholesterol | 35 (48.6) | 67 (65.7) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.06±6.3 | 31.19±4.4 | 1.1 | (1.0–1.1) |
| BMI category: | ||||
| <25 | 4 (5.6) | 2 (2.0) | 1 | |
| 25–29.9 | 24 (33.3) | 43 (42.2) | 0.3 | (0.1–1.7) |
| ≥30 | 44 (61.1) | 57 (55.9) | 0.4 | (0.1–2.2) |
| No family history of T2DM | 51 (70.8) | 48 (47.1) | 1 | |
| Family history of T2DM | 21 (29.2) | 54 (52.9) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.7) |
| No CVD | 56 (77.8 | 73 (71.6) | 1 | |
| CVD | 16 (22.2) | 29 (28.4) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.5) |
| Socio-economic | ||||
| Education: | ||||
| Bachelor or higher | 4 (5.9) | 5 (5.3) | 1 | |
| Diploma | 6 (8.8) | 6 (6.3) | 1.3 | (0.2–7.1) |
| Secondary | 31 (45.6) | 40 (42.1) | 1.0 | (0.2–3.9) |
| Primary only | 27 (39.7) | 44 (46.3) | 0.8 | (0.2–3.1) |
| Social class: | ||||
| High income | 6 (11.5) | 11 (13.3) | 1 | |
| Middle income | 18 (34.6) | 25 (30.1) | 1.3 | (0.4–4.2) |
| Low income | 28 (53.8) | 47 (56.6) | 1.1 | (0.4–3.3) |
| Medical cover | ||||
| Health insurance: | ||||
| Private insurance | 27 (37.5) | 51 (50.0) | 1 | |
| State insurance | 29 (40.3) | 44 (43.1) | 1.2 | (0.6–2.4) |
| No insurance | 16 (22.2) | 7 (6.9) | 4.3 | (1.6–11.8) |
| Health behaviours | ||||
| Physical activity: | ||||
| High | 10 (17.5) | 31 (34.8) | 1 | |
| Moderate | 19 (33.3) | 35 (39.3) | 1.7 | (0.7–4.2) |
| No physical exercise | 28 (49.1) | 23 (25.8) | 3.8 | (1.5–9.3) |
| Non-smoker | 34 (47.2) | 42 (41.2) | 1 | |
| Smoker | 38 (52.8) | 60 (58.8) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.4) |
| Alcohol use: | ||||
| Non-drinker | 38 (55.1) | 54 (53.5) | 1 | |
| Occasional drinker | 12 (17.4) | 27 (26.7) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.4) |
| Regular drinker | 19 (27.5) | 20 (19.8) | 1.4 | (0.6–2.9) |
| Metabolic | ||||
| TAG (mmol/L) | 1.80 (1.3–2.4) | 1.36 (1.0–2.0) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.0) |
| TAG <1.7 | 33 (47.1) | 60 (62.5) | 1 | |
| TAG≥1.7 | 37 (52.9) | 36 (37.5) | 1.9 | (1.0–3.5) |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.22±0.3 | 1.18±0.3 | 1.7 | (0.6–4.7) |
| Optimal HDL-C | 38 (54.3) | 55 (55.0) | 1 | |
| Non-optimal HDL-C2 | 32 (45.7) | 45 (45.0) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.9) |
| No dyslipidaemia | 46 (65.7) | 79 (79.0) | 1 | |
| Dyslipidaemia3 | 24 (34.3) | 21 (21.0) | 2.0 | (1.0–3.9) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.18±19.3 | 132.94±16.4 | 1.0 | (0.99–1.0) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.12±10.9 | 78.79±9.5 | 1.0 | (0.98–1.0) |
| No hypertension | 43 (60.6) | 74 (72.5) | 1 | |
| Hypertension4 | 28 (39.4) | 28 (27.5) | 1.7 | (0.9–3.3) |
1
Mean and ± SD are shown for continuous variables. TAG is shown as a median (interquartile range). Numbers and % (in brackets) for categorical variables will vary in different analyses as some variables have missing values.
2
HDL-C: <1.03 (MALES) <1.29 (FEMALES).
3
Dyslipidaemia: TAG≥1.7 and HDL-C: <1.03 (MALES) <1.29 (FEMALES).
4
Hypertension: SBP≥140 and/or DBP≥90.