Table 1.
Atherogenic variables in 6,498 subjects with no known chronic medical problems stratified based on serum ALT concentrations. Low normal ALT is ALT < 19 IU/L in women and <31 IU/L in men; high normal ALT is ALT values of 19–40 IU/L in women and 31–40 IU/L in men; and elevated ALT is ALT > 40 IU/L. All data presented as mean ± S.D.
| Entire Cohort | Low Normal ALT | High Normal ALT | Elevated ALT | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||||
| N | 6498 | 4035 | 1703 | 760 | |
| Age (years) | 58±14 | 59±14 | 58±12 | 53±12 | <.0001 |
| Gender (%male) | 52 | 29.1±5.7 | 30.1±5.9 | 31.3±5.5 | <.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7±5.8 | 58 | 29 | 72 | <.0001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 26±18 | 19±6 | 29±6 | 55±14 | <.0001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 26±14 | 21±5 | 27±7 | 41±16 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| TRADITIONAL FACTORS | |||||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52±14 | 52±14 | 53±14 | 48±13 | <.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 96±33 | 95±31 | 98±34 | 100±34 | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 137±123 | 126±93 | 144±148 | 174±167 | <.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181±44 | 178±42 | 185±46 | 184±46 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| INSULIN RESISTANCE | |||||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.9±1.1 | 5.9±1.1 | 5.9±1.0 | 6.0±1.2 | .024 |
| Free Fatty Acids (mmol/L) | 0.66±0.27 | 0.63±0.26 | 0.69±0.26 | 0.70±0.29 | <.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 107±36 | 105±35 | 108±33 | 112±42 | <.0001 |
| Insulin (uU/mL) | 14.8±17.8 | 13±14.1 | 16±16.5 | 21.2±25 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| VLDL | |||||
| Apolipoprotein-B (mg/dL) | 88±26 | 86±24 | 90±27 | 94±27 | <.0001 |
| VLDL-P (nmol/L) | 3.6±6.9 | 2.9±5.4 | 3.9±6.3 | 6.1±11.7 | <.0001 |
| VLDL size (nm) | 47.2±6.2 | 46.3±5.8 | 48.0±6.3 | 50±6.8 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| LDL | |||||
| LDL-P (mg/dL) | 1515±551 | 1472±524 | 1550±568 | 1650±603 | <.0001 |
| %sdLDL-C | 27.5±9.7 | 26.4±8.1 | 28.3±12 | 31.2±10.6 | <.0001 |
| sdLDL-C (mg/dL) | 26.4±12.8 | 25.0±11.5 | 27.6±13.7 | 31.1±15.5 | <.0001 |
| sdLDL-P (nmol/L) | 793±474 | 753±443 | 809±486 | 956±538 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| HDL | |||||
| Apolipoprotein-A1 (mg/dL) | 149±30 | 148±30 | 154±31 | 143±28 | <.0001 |
| HDL2-C (mg/dL) | 12.3±6 | 12.3±5.9 | 12.6±6.2 | 11.1±6.1 | <.0001 |
|
| |||||
| MISCELLANEOUS | |||||
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 38.7±45.2 | 0.60±0.23 | 0.61±0.23 | 0.68±0.25 | <.0001 |
| ApoB:ApoA1 ratio | 0.61±0.24 | 40.3±45.4 | 38.4±46.2 | 32.0±41.9 | <.0001 |
| NAFLD liver fat score | −0.73±2.64 | −1.240±2.222 | −0.38±2.487 | 1.204±3.781 | <.0001 |
| % of cohort with elevated fat score | 33% | 22% | 40% | 75% | -- |
|
| |||||
| INFLAMMATORY | |||||
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 424±98 | 426±101 | 428±92 | 407±93 | <.0001 |
| hs-C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.6±6.8 | 3.6±6.9 | 3.5±5.6 | 3.3±5.8 | .66 |
| Lp-PLA2 (ng/mL) | 135±44 | 134±44 | 134±43 | 135±45 | .606 |
| Myeloperoxidase (pmol/L) | 466±166 | 461±165 | 472±168 | 474±165 | .064 |
|
| |||||
| METABOLIC | |||||
| Homocysteine (umol/L) | 12.4±5.1 | 12.7±5.6 | 11.6±4.1 | 12.1±4.4 | <.0001 |
| Folate | 12.5±4.8 | 12.3±4.7 | 13.3±5.3 | 12.8±4.7 | .032 |
| TSH (uIU/mL) | 2.4±4.2 | 2.4±5.2 | 2.1±1.8 | 2.3±1.6 | .16 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 33.9±14.4 | 33.8±14.4 | 34.9±14.6 | 31.8±13.8 | <.0001 |