Table 6.

Surfactant therapy for neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage.

Surfactant therapy	Delivery method	Mechanical ventilation	Notes	Ref.
Exosurf®	N/A	N/A	Meta-analysis study	[169]
BLES®	ETT	Yes	For infants with respiratory deterioration due to PH Useful adjunctive therapy in neonates with a clinically significant PH Randomized controlled trial is needed	[170]
BLES	N/A	N/A	This study focused on the outcomes of PH in VLBW neonates treated with surfactant PH increased risk of death and short term morbidity but not associated with increase long term morbidity	[171]
Surfactant-TA	ETT via catheter	N/A	For respiratory failure due to HPE Useful adjunctive therapy to prevent surfactant inhibition and normalize the respiratory status of infants with HPE Randomized controlled trial is needed	[172]
Curosurf®	Intubated	N/A	Meta-analysis study of prophylactic versus rescue trials For PIVH as increased risk for very premature neonates with RDS	[173]

ETT: Endotracheal tube; HPE: Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema; PH: Pulmonary hemorrhage; PIVH: Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage; RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome; VLBW: Very low birth weight.