Table 3.
Simple Logistic Regression of Risk Factors for Active Tuberculosis Disease (N = 761)
| Risk Factor | No Tuberculosisa,b | Active Tuberculosisa | Age ≤5 y |
Age >5 y |
All Children |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 682 [90%]) | (n = 79 [10%]) | OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 6 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.72 | .59–.88 | .001 | 0.79 | .64–.98 | .03 | 0.79 | .73–.85 | <.001 |
| Age group ≤5 y | 311 (46) | 61 (77) | 4.04 | 2.34–6.99 | <.001 | ||||||
| Male sex | 364 (53) | 38 (48) | 0.7 | .41–1.22 | .21 | 0.96 | .37–2.48 | .94 | 0.81 | .51–1.29 | .38 |
| Positive HIV status | 15 (2) | 8 (11) | 4.74 | 1.64–13.63 | .004 | 3 | .35–25.78 | .32 | 4.95 | 2.03–12.14 | <.001 |
| BCG scar | 499 (83) | 48 (69) | 0.31 | .16–.59 | <.001 | 0.82 | .22–3.08 | .77 | 0.44 | .26–.76 | .003 |
| Baseline positive TST | 433 (63) | 60 (76) | 2.59 | 1.30–5.18 | .01 | 0.72 | .28–1.88 | .51 | 1.82 | 1.06–3.11 | .03 |
| Underweightc | 40 (6) | 8 (10) | 3.54 | 1.31–9.52 | .01 | 0.69 | .09–5.38 | .73 | 1.81 | .81–4.01 | .15 |
| Stuntingc | 105 (15) | 19 (24) | 1.58 | .85–2.96 | .15 | 0.93 | .21–4.18 | .92 | 1.74 | .98–3.04 | .05 |
| Low BMIc | 24 (4) | 3 (4) | 3.17 | .74–13.61 | .12 | … | … | … | 1.08 | .32–3.68 | .9 |
| Wastingc | 5 (2) | 5 (8) | 5.46 | 1.53–19.49 | .01 | ||||||
| Lean tissue mass, kg, median (IQR) | 17.36 (16.04) | 11.37 (7.88) | 0.95 | .89–1.02 | .16 | 0.96 | .90–1.02 | .2 | 0.92 | .89–.95 | <.001 |
| Sleep in same bed as index case | 119 (18) | 29 (38) | 1.35 | .76–2.38 | .31 | 9.11 | 2.86–29.0 | <.001 | 2.83 | 1.72–4.68 | <.001 |
| ≥4 d per wk contact with index case in last 1 mod | 643 (94) | 76 (96) | 1.08 | .23–5.01 | .92 | 1.39 | .18–10.82 | .75 | 1.54 | .46–5.09 | .48 |
| Index case, male sex | 235 (40) | 30 (44) | 1.6 | .88–2.92 | .12 | 0.44 | .14–1.37 | .16 | 1.17 | .70–1.93 | .55 |
| Index smear grade 3 or 4 | 312 (46) | 30 (39) | 0.78 | .44–1.38 | .4 | 0.64 | .23–1.77 | .39 | 0.76 | .47–1.23 | .26 |
| Index CXR extent 2 or 3 | 492 (85) | 59 (87) | 1.57 | .59–4.19 | .37 | 0.57 | .18–1.82 | .34 | 1.13 | .54–1.37 | .74 |
| Index baseline cavitation | 351 (61) | 45 (66) | 1.41 | .74–2.67 | .29 | 0.92 | .34–2.48 | .87 | 1.26 | .74–2.14 | .39 |
Abbreviations: BCG, Bacille Calmette Guérin; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; TST, tuberculin skin test.
a Values given as frequency (%) unless noted.
b No tuberculosis refers to those with latent or no tuberculosis infection.
c Nutritional categories defined as a z score less than −2.
d Index refers to adult household member with active tuberculosis.