Table 1.
Demographic Information and Neuropsychological Data for All Participants
| Controls (n=14) | Low concussion (n=15) | High concussion (n=12) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 62.2 (6.3) | 64.1 (6.8) | 62.6 (5.0) |
| Education | 16.4 (1.1) | 16.4 (1.4) | 16.2 (1.3) |
| Number of concussions | 1.07 (.96) | 6.5 (5.1) | |
| Survey composition score | 1.2 (.5) | 1.2 (.6) | |
| Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) | 34.7 (4.8) | 35.2 (3.9) | |
| Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) | 27.1 (2.4) | 27.6 (1.2) | |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | 114.0 (12.9) | 115.6 (19.5) | |
| Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) | 43.9 (8.7) | 40.1 (10.4) | |
| Trail making Part B | 74 (15.9) | 87 (34.1) | |
| Boston Naming Test (BNT) | 51.7 (4.6) | 52.5 (6.1) | |
| Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR)-Standardized | 102.8 (10.3) | 94.8 (13.3) | |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) | 5.5 (4.6) | 8.8 (7.2) | |
Low concussion history: 0, 1, or 2 concussions; high concussion history: 3 or more concussions.
Values represent means for the group; standard deviations are in parentheses.