Table 4.

Regions of Significant Activation during Intact Pair Hits

			MNI coordinates
Region of interest	Hemisphere	BA	x	y	z	t value	p value
Control group
No significant clusters
Low concussion group
Insula	L	13	−40	−8	22	6.63	0.000
Precentral gyrus	L	44	−44	4	12	5.52	0.000
	R	4	38	−20	40	4.83	0.000
Middle frontal gyrus	L	8	−36	22	50	5.98	0.000
		9	−28	36	26	4.69	0.000
		6	−30	−8	44	4.56	0.000
		11	−40	46	−14	4.23	0.000
		6	−22	18	60	3.56	0.002
	R	9	30	22	30	5.12	0.000
		8	48	20	44	4.69	0.000
		9	40	34	40	3.54	0.002
Supramarginal gyrus	R	40	56	−40	36	5.86	0.000
	L		−62	−50	28	3.29	0.003
Postcentral gyrus	R	40	52	−34	52	4.78	0.000
		2	70	−26	32	5.26	0.000
	L	2	−66	−22	32	4.66	0.000
		40	−50	−34	52	3.45	0.002
Inferior parietal lobe	R	40	66	−44	24	4.29	0.000
	L		−52	−40	38	4.59	0.000
			−66	−36	36	3.65	0.001
Anterior cingulate	L	24	−14	38	8	5.42	0.000
			−6	−24	42	4.01	0.001
	R		4	24	26	4.31	0.000
Medial frontal gyrus	R	10	6	54	8	4.88	0.000
		9	22	44	18	4.63	0.000
		10	4	60	22	4.27	0.000
Inferior frontal gyrus	R	47	48	34	−8	4.81	0.000
		45	56	18	18	3.41	0.002
Fusiform gyrus	L	20	−42	−2	−30	4.79	0.000
Posterior cingulate	R	23	12	−22	34	4.52	0.000
Superior frontal gyrus	R	6	20	14	60	4.35	0.000
Inferior temporal gyrus	R	20	48	0	−34	4.02	0.001
Middle temporal gyrus	R	22	56	−42	2	4.00	0.001
High concussion group
Fusiform gyrus	L	20	−46	−2	−30	5.63	0.000
Posterior cingulate	L	31	−16	−42	22	5.35	0.000
Hippocampus	L	na	−32	−10	−18	4.39	0.000
Anterior cingulate	L	32	−18	36	18	4.16	0.001
Superior temporal gyrus	L	22	−46	−22	−10	3.13	0.004
Superior frontal gyrus	R	9	16	52	40	3.90	0.001
Middle frontal gyrus	L	10	−30	46	0	3.87	0.001
		9	−4	56	20	3.54	0.002
Low concussion group>high concussion group
Middle Temporal gyrus	R	22	50	−44	4	3.78	0.000
Supramarginal gyrus	R	40	62	−48	24	3.47	0.001
Posterior cingulate	L	31	−18	−62	28	3.23	0.002
Inferior parietal lobe	L	40	−50	−32	30	3.14	0.002
Parahippocampal gyrus	R	34	24	2	−16	3.10	0.002
Effect of accuracy: low concussion group>high concussion group
Posterior cingulate	L	31	−10	−66	14	3.30	0.002
High concussion group>low concussion group
Anterior cingulate	R	33	10	12	24	3.55	0.001
Medial frontal gyrus	L	9	0	54	20	3.07	0.003
Effect of accuracy: high concussion group>low concussion group
Posterior cingulate	L	31	−26	−26	44	5.06	0.000
Anterior cingulate	L	24	−20	−18	46	3.50	0.001
		24	−12	40	4	3.62	0.001
		32	−2	42	4	3.14	0.002
		24	−8	−6	44	3.37	0.001
		24	−2	−6	38	3.31	0.002
		32	0	20	32	3.07	0.003
	R	24	22	4	38	3.77	0.000
		24	18	−4	42	3.08	0.003
Inferior frontal gyrus	L	45	−56	24	18	4.37	0.000
		47	−54	32	2	3.29	0.002
	R	47	28	10	−18	3.61	0.001
		47	42	34	−4	3.51	0.001
Caudate	R	na	8	4	−2	4.09	0.000
Inferior parietal lobule	L	40	−52	−40	50	4.04	0.000
		40	−62	−38	34	3.24	0.002
Postcentral gyrus	L	2	−46	−28	44	3.25	0.002
		7	−20	−56	66	2.96	0.004
	R	3	40	−24	42	3.98	0.000
Insula	L	13	−36	16	18	3.85	0.000
		13	−36	−8	26	3.39	0.001
Superior parietal lobule	L	7	−32	−60	60	3.72	0.001
Middle frontal gyrus	R	6	38	−4	58	3.62	0.001
		6	30	−6	44	3.44	0.001
		9	52	12	38	3.29	0.002
	L	11	−44	44	−12	3.54	0.001
Precentral gyrus	R	4	44	−14	50	3.50	0.001
		4	60	−10	30	3.03	0.003
	L	6	−36	−14	52	3.44	0.001
		6	−50	−16	28	3.43	0.001
		6	−52	2	36	3.21	0.002
Medial frontal gyrus	R	10	2	56	−6	3.49	0.001
Parahippocampal gyrus	L	28	−26	−20	−12	3.24	0.002
Precuneus	R	7	6	−62	52	3.13	0.002
Regions associated with a lesser number of reported concussions
Middle temporal gyrus	L	22	−54	−40	−2	4.66	0.000
	R	21	40	−2	−38	3.66	0.001
			50	−34	0	3.18	0.002
Parahippocampal gyrus	R	28	26	−24	−16	4.40	0.000
		28	18	−2	−14	3.75	0.000
		36	42	−38	−12	3.75	0.000
Precentral gyrus	L	6	−36	−12	44	3.82	0.000
Anterior cingulate	L	32	−16	40	10	3.80	0.000
Inferior parietal lobe	R	40	62	−46	24	3.65	0.001
			68	−30	32	3.34	0.001
Insula	L	13	−40	−10	22	3.65	0.001
Lingual gyrus	R	19	18	−58	−4	3.48	0.001
Posterior cingulate	R	31	26	−66	16	3.42	0.001
	L	30	−30	−72	16	3.38	0.001
Postcentral gyrus	L	3	−30	−32	40	3.41	0.001
Precuneus	L	31	−16	−68	26	3.35	0.001
	R	7	18	−72	36	3.03	0.003
Regions associated with a greater number of reported concussions
No significant clusters
Low and high concussion groups
Anterior cingulate	L	32	−16	38	16	5.10	0.000
Fusiform gyrus	L	20	−42	−2	−30	4.79	0.000
Middle frontal gyrus	R	9	30	26	30	4.32	0.000
			40	34	40	3.54	0.002
Medial frontal gyrus	R	10	4	60	22	4.27	0.000
		9	26	44	18	3.63	0.002

Regions significant at threshold of p<0.005 (uncorrected at the voxel level); k≥10.

BA, approximate Brodmann Area. Control, 0 concussions; low concussion, 0, 1, or 2 concussions; high concussion, 3 or more concussions.

MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.