Table 2.
Within- and between-group differences in biomarker and fitness outcomes
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | Group difference in mean change from baseline to 3 months | Group difference in mean change from baseline to 6 months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Variable | AET | RET | AET | RET | AET | RET | p value | p value |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 19.9 (13.2) | 12.8 (9.3) | 14.9 (9.1) | 13.6 (12.7) | 20.6 (14.2) | 12.1 (11.2) | 0.475 | 0.496 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 16.6 (6.1) | 21.6 (10.0) | 16.5 (7.1) | 21.1 (11.7) | 16.1 (18.9) | 20.5 (9.3) | 0.917 | 0.488 |
| Leptin:adiponectin | 1234.23 (865.9) | 783.6 (807.6) | 1080.9 (681.9) | 1038.3 (1508.6) | 1644.7 (1381.7) | 882.6 (1263.3) | 0.278 | 0.548 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 159.6 (55.2) | 159.1 (51.2) | 169.7 (67.5) | 138.3 (42.6)† | 161.9 (45.9) | 146.4 (49.5) | 0.129 | 0.199 |
| IGFBP-3 (ng/mL) | 5582.7 (1514.3) | 4360.5 (1370.9) | 4770.4 (2579.1) | 4321.3 (1205.5) | 4259.8 (1349.2)† | 4887.9 (1639.7)† | 0.794 | 0.043 |
| IGF-1:IGFBP-3 | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.31) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02)† | 0.03 (0.01)† | 0.355 | 0.026 |
| Weight (kg) | 86.2 (9.9) | 80.3 (13.2) | 84.4 (10.4)† | 79.8 (13.1) | 86.0 (10.9) | 79.5 (13.4) | 0.201 | 0.672 |
| WC (cm) | 105.4 (9.8) | 101.0 (11.7) | 102.5 (8.7)† | 100.2 (10.4) | 103.8 (9.9) | 98.7 (9.6) | 0.357 | 0.316 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 (3.3) | 27.4 (5.0) | 27.9 (3.5)† | 27.2 (5.0) | 28.4 (3.5) | 27.2 (5.2) | 0.179 | 0.648 |
| Body fat % | 28.4 (6.4) | 26.5 (9.3) | 26.8 (5.4) | 24.8 (8.0) | 26.4 (5.3) | 25.3 (8.3) | 0.723 | 0.760 |
| VO2 – (mL/kg/min) | 28.8 (9.0) | 28.7 (9.1) | 32.0 (8.8) | 29.1 (8.6) | 32.8 (9.5)† | 32.5 (10.1) | 0.290 | 0.963 |
| PA volume (MET-hrs/wk) | 16.6 (10.5) | 15.4 (18.1) | 36.8 (38.7) | 21.3 (18.8) | 35.5 (29.7) | 20.3 (18.4) | 0.221 | 0.759 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation); Frequency and p values for between-group measurements are reported for ANCOVA when adjusting for baseline value;
†
significant within-group change from baseline (p ≤ 0.05). AET: aerobic exercise training; RET: resistance exercise training; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP-3: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; VO2: maximal oxygen consumption; PA: physical activity. MET: metabolic equivalent of task.