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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul 23;108(11):10.1038/ajg.2013.217. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.217

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Risk of bias assessment. Suspicion for selection bias arose when study populations were limited to certain demographics, disease states, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications. Information bias arose predominantly in retrospectively designed studies. Confounding bias was suspected when factors that may affect the intraprocedural quality indicator of interest were not clearly accounted for.