Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the total cohort and after stratification for CAC
| Total cohort | CAC = 0 | 0 < CAC ≤ 400 | CAC > 400 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects |
119 |
14 |
41 |
64 |
|
| Age, yrs |
67.8 ± 7.3 |
58.6 ± 6.3 |
66.1 ± 6.2 |
70.8 ± 6.2 |
<0.001 |
| Male, n (%) |
79 (66) |
7 (50) |
24 (59) |
48 (75) |
0.03 |
| FEV1, % predicted |
46.0 ± 17.5 |
44.2 ± 13.7 |
43.8 ± 17.4 |
47.9 ± 18.3 |
0.47 |
| FVC, % predicted |
74.4 ± 20.6 |
72.6 ± 14.2 |
74.4 ± 21.0 |
74.8 ± 21.7 |
0.94 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio |
47.1 ± 12.3 |
46.9 ± 10.7 |
44.9 ± 13.5 |
48.6 ± 11.9 |
0.33 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
25.8 ± 5.5 |
25.6 ± 5.9 |
25.7 ± 5.2 |
25.9 ± 5.6 |
0.98 |
| Distance walked, m |
369.1 ± 112.2 |
406.6 ± 105.2 |
385.9 ± 105.0 |
349.8 ± 116.1 |
0.16 |
| Pack-years of smoking, n |
45.4 ± 20.5 |
44.4 ± 20.2 |
44.6 ± 21.7 |
46.2 ± 20.0 |
0.91 |
| Heart rate, beats/min |
74.0 ± 13.0 |
71.5 ± 10.1 |
73.4 ± 12.0 |
74.9 ± 14.2 |
0.65 |
| Blood pressure systolic, mmHg |
142.2 ± 23.9 |
127.7 ± 16.5 |
136.2 ± 20.3 |
149.2 ± 25.0 |
0.001 |
| Blood pressure diastolic, mmHg |
79.9 ± 11.3 |
76.6 ± 11.5 |
78.0 ± 9.2 |
81.9 ± 12.1 |
0.11 |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
30 (25) |
0 (0) |
7 (17) |
23 (36) |
0.002 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) |
22 (19) |
0 (0) |
4 (10) |
18 (28) |
0.003 |
| Diabetes, n (%) |
7 (6) |
0 (0) |
2 (5) |
5 (8) |
0.25 |
| TAC, median (min-max) |
1540 (0–20828) |
262 (0–4237) |
1125 (3–8606) |
3475 (0–20828) |
<0.001 |
| PWV, m/s |
8.90 ± 1.63 |
8.35 ± 1.36 |
9.18 ± 1.54 |
8.86 ± 1.72 |
0.31 |
| PI-950, median in % (min-max) |
6.89 (0.12–43.2) |
17.1 (0.12–39.0) |
5.32 (0.12–43.2) |
6.86 (0.27–38.6) |
0.81 |
| 15th percentile, HU |
-921.9 ± 27.8 |
-919.9 ± 38.3 |
-924.2 ± 29.7 |
-920.8 ± 24.1 |
0.82 |
| Bone attenuation, HU | 138.1 ± 35.5 | 162.2 ± 37.6 | 141.8 ± 31.9 | 130.4 ± 35.0 | 0.006 |
Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
PWV was assessed in 104 subjects.
BMI body mass index, CAC coronary artery calcium, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC forced vital capacity, HU hounsfield unit, PI pixel index, PWV pulse wave velocity, TAC thoracic aortic calcium.