Table 1.

Differences in pressure pain thresholds (PPT) over first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, C5–C6 zygapophyseal joint, and tibialis anterior muscle between patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and healthy controls

	First CMC joint*	C5–C6 zygapophyseal joint*	Tibialis anterior*
Patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA)
Symptomatic side	272.0 ± 90.0 (95 % CI 223.5–319.4)	270.0 ± 91.0 (95 % CI 221.5–319.4)	290.8 ± 96.9 (95 % CI 239.3–342.2)
Non-symptomatic side	316.5 ± 93.0 (95 % CI 267.0–365.9)	274.9 ± 84.1 (95 % CI 230.4–319.4)	304.6 ± 93.9 (95 % CI 255.2–355.1)
Healthy controls
Dominant side	432.2 ± 118.7 (95 % CI 368.9–495.5)	359.0 ± 80.1 (95 % CI 316.5–401.5)	506.4 ± 121.6 (95 % CI 442.1–571.6)
Non-dominant side	413.4 ± 121.6 (95 % CI 349.1–477.7)	326.4 ± 84.1 (95 % CI 280.9–370.9)	480.7 ± 106.8 (95 % CI 424.3–538.0)

Values (kilopascal) are expressed as mean (95 % confidence interval)

*P < 0.001 (significant differences between groups, two-way ANOVA test)